We do not have documents/evidence to show us what crisis the church of Corinth was going through. We can only indirectly deduce from Paul's epistle what was happening. Sometimes, Paul spoke out directly. For example, the problem of factions within the Corinthian church (1 Corinthians 1:11-12). In other situations, we can only deduce. We find that Paul talked quite a lot about wisdom of the world. Probably that had to do with the difficulty in preaching a crucified saviour to the people. The position of Paul was summarized in the following verse.
For the foolishness of God is wiser than men, and the weakness of God is stronger than men (1 Corinthians 1:25).
In chapter 3, Paul came back to the theme of wisdom again. He had already taken an offensive position early in this epistle. Probably, Paul had to fight against eloquent speakers who expressed doubt about the effectiveness of Jesus' crucifixion. Thus, he had to defend the priority of faith over reason. How do you convince people to accept a criminal who could not even save himself? It is difficult to appeal to their brain. Rather, it is easier to appeal to the heart.
it pleased God through the folly of what we preach to save those who believe (1 Corinthians 1:21b).
It is consistent with the overall outlook of Paul's theology. Man is justified by faith. That would be the main theme of the Romans and the Galatians. Here in the first epistle to the Corinthians, Paul played down the importance of wisdom and reason. Why? According to the epistle, most of the Christians sympathetic with Paul in Corinth were underdogs. They might not be able to afford expensive studies.
For consider your call, brethren; not many of you were wise according to worldly standards, not many were powerful, not many were of noble birth (1 Corinthians 1:26).
Therefore, if they arrogantly considered themselves wise, they were truly fools. Unless they humbly recognized their own lowliness, they would never gain any wisdom about themselves. Only then did they know themselves better.
Let no one deceive himself. If any one among you thinks that he is wise in this age, let him become a fool that he may become wise
For the wisdom of this world is folly with God. (1 Corinthians 3:18-19a).
Socrates (470-399 B.C.) was declared wiser than any other Athenians because he was the only person who recognized his own ignorance. This truth sounds paradoxical. Paul expressed similar thought when he advised people to "become a fool that he may become wise". In other words, the God of Paul was everything for Paul, his life; his riches and his destiny. Paul humbled himself before God and won the whole world. Then he concluded that
So let no one boast of men. For all things are yours,
whether Paul or Apollos or Cephas or the world or life or death or the present or the future, all are yours;
and you are Christ's; and Christ is God's (1 Corinthians 3:21-23).
In one stroke, he defeated the eloquent philosophers and equalized all factions. After all, we are all in God. We will all be absorbed in God.
Before I finish, let's take a look at the Old Testament quotations in Greek. Once again, Paul seemed to enjoy reading Psalms in Greek, rather than in Hebrew.
ὁ δρασσόμενος τοὺς σοφοὺς ἐν τῇ πανουργίᾳ αὐτῶν·
He catches the wise in their craftiness, (1 Corinthians 3:19)
ὁ καταλαμβάνων σοφοὺς ἐν τῇ φρονήσει,
He takes the wise in their own craftiness;(Job 5:13a)
κύριος γινώσκει τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς τῶν σοφῶν ὅτι εἰσὶν μάταιοι.
The Lord knows that the thoughts of the wise are futile. (1 Corinthians 3:20)
κύριος γινώσκει τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὅτι εἰσὶν μάταιοι.
(Ps 93:11, LXX Ps 94:11 MT)
In case of Job, Paul literally rewrote, translated the text himself. Probably he only possessed the Hebrew version of Job. In case of Psalm, it was an exact copy!
My dear Advocate, being a fool in the eyes of the others is very disadvantageous. They will look down upon you, reject and isolate you. However, when we try hard not to look like a fool, we become the greatest fool of the whole world. So, help me God. Amen.
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