愛之深,責之切(路11:42-46)
耶穌基督是「良善心謙的」(瑪11:29),對於傷害祂的人,基督會求天父寬恕他們(路23:34),所以祂用嚴厲的言辭『禍哉』來痛責法利塞人和法學士,是出於憐惜多於發洩咒罵。理由很簡單,天主子對這些法律專家,這些「以色列的師傅」(若3:10),寄予厚望。所以愛之深,責之切。那麼,法利塞人的毛病在哪?第一個『禍哉』,他們『本末倒置』。『十一捐獻』固然應該做,一般只須把十分一收入的等價金額奉獻到聖殿,用來供養司祭和肋未人便可以,用不著連『薄荷、茴香及各種菜蔬』也捐獻十分一那麼細緻,甚至做到「我每周兩次禁食」(路18:12)!為甚麼有些 法利塞人會這樣做呢?很明顯他們想炫耀自己比一般人更認真、更虔誠、更高人一等!法律的原意是幫助人親近天主,關懷近人。他們卻用來抬舉自己,甚至利用法律來迫害耶穌…他們這樣本末倒置,何來教導百姓向善的能力呢?
第二個『禍哉』,他們追求人世間過眼雲煙的虛榮,而不是天上的事。猶太人在各地的城鎮設有會堂,在安息日供猶太人祈禱、學習法律、聚會之用。座位的安排當然是『論資排輩』,由上座/首席到末席。能坐上座/首席當然是一個榮耀,但『愛坐上座』是有機會當眾出醜的,因為即使你經常坐上座,你不能保證當日沒有比你更尊貴的人物出席(14:9)。『愛坐上座』不是高瞻遠矚的表現,何來教導百姓追求天上的事物呢?
最後一個『禍哉』,耶穌直指他們心中充滿貪婪、虛榮甚至殺戮,有如墳墓,內裡只有腐爛惡臭的屍骸。即使人看不見,也會嗅到罷!惟一的解決辦法,就是洗心革面,「把杯盤裡面的施捨了,那麼,一切〔連墳墓在內〕也都潔淨了」(11:41)。亞孟。
天主保祐!
生命恩泉
圖片鳴謝:gemini.google.com
The Deeper the Love, the Harsher the Reproach (Luke 11:42-46)
Jesus Christ is “meek and humble of heart” (Matthew 11:29), He begs the Father to forgive those who hurt Him (Luke 23:34). Thus the harsh renunciation “woe to you” towards the Pharisees and scribes comes more out of mercy than curse. Simply put, the Son of God harbours great expectations on those legal experts, those “teachers of Israel” (John 3:10). The harsher the reproach follows the deeper the love. Then, what’s wrong with the Pharisees?The first “woe” comes from their turning the priorities upside down. Tithe is an obligation. Typically Jews offer the equivalence of one-tenth of their income to the Temple to provide for priests and Levites. It is not necessary to go into such details as to “pay tithes of mint and of rue and of every garden herb” (Luke 11:42); and even fasting twice a week (18:12)! Why do the Pharisees do it? Obviously they want to show off their perfectionism and piety. In short, they are high above the rest! The intention of Torah is to help people come close to God and the care for the neighbour. But they use the Law to elevate themselves and even to persecute Jesus … They have turned their priorities upside down. Where comes their ability to teach people to do good?
The second “woe” comes from their pursuit of vanity, which is temporary, instead of things above. Jews build synagogues for themselves to pray on Sabbath, to study the Torah and to meet. Seats are arranged in seniority and honour. Of course, occupying the honour seat is a glory, but “love the seat of honour in synagogues” risks humiliation before all because even if you usually occupy the honour seat, you cannot guarantee that no people of higher status are invited on a particular day (14:9). “Love the seat of honour in synagogues” is a sign of myopia. How can they teach the people to seek things above?
In the last “woe”, Jesus reproaches them point-blank that their hearts are filled with greed, vanity and even murder, like unseen graves which are filled with rotten corpses. Even if people do not see them, they could smell them! The only antidote is to cleanse their consciences, “Give alms, and behold, everything [including graves] will be clean for you” (11:41). Amen.
God bless!












