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Thursday, 29 May 2008

More Septuagint

Taking cue from what I discovered yesterday on the importance of Septuagint, I went back to check out which of the 3 verses in Leviticus Peter quoted. The answer is Leviticus 19:2. Here is the comparison:
since it is written, "You shall be holy, for I am holy."
διότι γέγραπται ἅγιοι ἔσεσθε, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἅγιός [εἰμι] (1 Peter 1:16).
Λάλησον τῇ συναγωγῇ τῶν υἱῶν Ισραηλ καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς Ἅγιοι ἔσεσθε, ὅτι ἐγὼ ἅγιος, κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑμῶν (Leviticus 19:2).
In chapter 2, we find more OT quotations. Here they are.
for you have tasted the kindness of the Lord.
ἐγεύσασθε ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ κύριος (1 Peter 2:3).
γεύσασθε καὶ ἴδετε ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ κύριος, μακάριος ἀνήρ, ὃς ἐλπίζει ἐπ̓ αὐτόν (Psalm 33:9 LXX).
It should be noted that the chapter numbering of Psalm in Septuagint and the Hebrew scripture is different, in this case Psalm 34:9 BHS.
For it stands in scripture:
"Behold, I am laying in Zion a stone, a cornerstone chosen and precious, and he who believes in him will not be put to shame."

διότι περιέχει ἐν γραφῇ·
ἰδοὺ τίθημι ἐν Σιὼν λίθον ἀκρογωνιαῖον ἐκλεκτὸν ἔντιμον καὶ ὁ πιστεύων ἐπʼ αὐτῷ οὐ μὴ καταισχυνθῇ
(1 Peter 2:6).
διὰ τοῦτο οὕτως λέγει κύριος Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐμβαλῶ εἰς τὰ θεμέλια Σιων λίθον πολυτελῆ ἐκλεκτὸν ἀκρογωνιαῖον ἔντιμον εἰς τὰ θεμέλια αὐτῆς, καὶ ὁ πιστεύων ἐπ̓ αὐτῷ οὐ μὴ καταισχυνθῇ (Isaiah 28:16).
The resemblance is clear.
To you therefore who believe, he is precious, but for those who do not believe,
"The very stone which the builders rejected has become the head of the corner,"
ὑμῖν οὖν ἡ τιμὴ τοῖς πιστεύουσιν, ἀπιστοῦσιν δὲ
λίθος ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας
(1 Peter 2:7).
λίθον, ὃν ἀπεδοκίμασαν οἱ οἰκοδομοῦντες, οὗτος ἐγενήθη εἰς κεφαλὴν γωνίας, (Psalm 117:22 LXX, Psalm 118:22 BHS).
and "A stone that will make men stumble, a rock that will make them fall";
for they stumble because they disobey the word, as they were destined to do.
καὶ λίθος προσκόμματος καὶ πέτρα σκανδάλου
οἳ προσκόπτουσιν τῷ λόγῳ ἀπειθοῦντες εἰς ὃ καὶ ἐτέθησαν
(1 Peter 2:8).
καὶ ἐὰν ἐπ̓ αὐτῷ πεποιθὼς ᾖς, ἔσται σοι εἰς ἁγίασμα, καὶ οὐχ ὡς λίθου προσκόμματι συναντήσεσθε αὐτῷ οὐδὲ ὡς πέτρας πτώματι, ὁ δὲ οἶκος Ιακωβ ἐν παγίδι, καὶ ἐν κοιλάσματι ἐγκαθήμενοι ἐν Ιερουσαλημ


(Isaiah 8:14).
He committed no sin; no guile was found on his lips.
ὃς ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἐποίησεν οὐδὲ εὑρέθη δόλος ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ, (1 Peter 2:22)
καὶ δώσω τοὺς πονηροὺς ἀντὶ τῆς ταφῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς πλουσίους ἀντὶ τοῦ θανάτου αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἀνομίαν οὐκ ἐποίησεν, οὐδὲ εὑρέθη δόλος ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ (Isaiah 53:9).
He himself bore our sins in his body on the tree, that we might die to sin and live to righteousness. By his wounds you have been healed.
τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον, ἵνα ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ἀπογενόμενοι τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ ζήσωμεν, οὗ τῷ μώλωπι ἰάθητε (1 Peter 2:24).
αὐτὸς δὲ ἐτραυματίσθη διὰ τὰς ἀνομίας ἡμῶν καὶ μεμαλάκισται διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν, παιδεία εἰρήνης ἡμῶν ἐπ̓ αὐτόν, τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς ἰάθημεν. (Isaiah 53:5).
For you were straying like sheep, but have now returned to the Shepherd and Guardian of your souls.
ἦτε γὰρ ὡς πρόβατα πλανώμενοι, ἀλλὰ ἐπεστράφητε νῦν ἐπὶ τὸν ποιμένα καὶ ἐπίσκοπον τῶν ψυχῶν ὑμῶν (1 Peter 2:25).
πάντες ὡς πρόβατα ἐπλανήθημεν, ἄνθρωπος τῇ ὁδῷ αὐτοῦ ἐπλανήθη, καὶ κύριος παρέδωκεν αὐτὸν ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ἡμῶν (Isaiah 53:6).
In these two verses, Peter took only some phrases from Isaiah and reflected on them. This should be how we should pray too.
This chapter contains a lot of practical advice on how a Christian lives his life in the world. In their particular situation, Peter advised them to be submissive to people in authority, to do right. Inevitably, we will suffer because of this. Peter encourages us to suffer patiently. Only then could we obtain God's approval.
For one is approved if, mindful of God, he endures pain while suffering unjustly.
For what credit is it, if when you do wrong and are beaten for it you take it patiently? But if when you do right and suffer for it you take it patiently, you have God's approval
(1 Peter 2:19-20).

My Advocate, we thank St. Peter for reminding us of what kind of life we should lead. Nowadays, people value assertiveness. If we want to get things done, complain. It is really not easy to suffer and stay patient at the same time. Strengthen us to bear this cross of ours.
Our Lady, you are patient and keep everything in your heart for reflection. Help us lead a life like your Son, suffers quietly for the salvation of the world. Amen.

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