Civilization keeps evolving. New technology comes up nearly everyday. When the means of production changes, it changes our way of life as well. In ancient time, men invented writing to keep track of their daily transactions. Therefore, they inscribed on clay tablets, bones, shells, bamboo sticks etc. Later, they wrote on cattle hides and later on paper. With the invention of moving type printing, books could be mass-produced. The literacy and intelligence of the general public was raised. Once when the mass of people were illiterate, were ignorant, a tyrant would do whatever he wanted. His words were laws. Now, with the spread of literacy, democracy takes over tyranny. Nowadays, there are more types of medium to spread information, especially the electronic ones. It used to be the elders who could decide the allocation of resources. Nowadays, younger people have more say because they are better able to handle the newer types of information processing. There are newer and different ways for people to interact and to transact. The protocol of interactions has changed. The more traditional morality may not be appropriate to apply to newer sequences of encounters.
Whenever I touch upon Paul's advice on husband-wife relations in the epistle to the Ephesians for the HKCEE Religious Studies, I always ask my students whether Paul's teaching is obsolete nowadays. Read this and decide it for yourself.
Wives, be subject to your husbands, as to the Lord.
For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body, and is himself its Savior (Ephesians 5:22-23).
In view of the greater autonomy and higher status of women nowadays, Paul's advice can only remain marginal. These days, most couples need to work and sometimes, wives earn more than husbands. Wives devote more time in their careers and contribute to the greater prosperity of this city. In such a situation, how can husbands be the head of their wives?
In our workplaces, can we do what Paul taught?
Do all things without grumbling or questioning,
that you may be blameless and innocent, children of God without blemish in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation, among whom you shine as lights in the world (Philippians 2:14-15)
Do all things without grumbling. Fine, no problem, especially in view of the global downturn of the economies of different countries all over the world. You would be lucky if you could keep your job. So, how could you complain? But ...
Do all things without questioning! Are you sure, Paul? Only soldiers follow commands and finish them without asking any question. But we are no soldiers in our daily life, though fighting battle was one of the favourite metaphors Paul used. Modern management talks about team spirit, delegation of authority etc. All these practices require two-way communications. People do not hold dear in their hearts being blameless and innocent. Rather, they talk more about accountability, transparency and willingness to assume responsibilities. It is unimaginable not to ask questions in modern workplaces. If you do not ask questions, nor do you raise objections, people will assume that you consent to the objective and the procedure. In the end when things go wrong, you cannot disclaim liability. You cannot be blameless and innocent. Sorry, Paul. This part of your ethics does not work in this modern setting.
My dear Advocate, Obama won the US presidential election and becomes the first black US president. USA has long since played an influential role in the modern world. She is affecting the lives of most of the people on this planet. I pray for Obama and may You guide him and support him all through his term and the next. Amen.
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