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Tuesday 3 November 2009

Gospel teachings in the Romans

Leaving Romans 11, which Paul ends with an Amen, we come to moral teachings in the Romans. Here, we will find many familiar teachings which appear in the gospels as well.
Paul begins by appealing to the Roman Christians to lead a saintly life, to present their body as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God (Romans 12:1). In order to do this, a renewal of the mind is needed. This renewal of mind is in fact a conversion to Christ. It helps them to lead a life that fulfils the will of God, a life that is good, acceptable and perfect (Romans 12:2).

After setting the ideal of a Christian life, Paul makes it clear that such a life is not individualistic. It is a life in the community. He briefly sketches a few lines on his theology of the Mystical Body which he has developed more fully elsewhere (Romans 12:4-8).
Then, Paul spells out an ideal Christian life in greater details. These details are short and sharp, enough for us to spend our whole life to perfect.
Let love be genuine; hate what is evil, hold fast to what is good;
love one another with brotherly affection; outdo one another in showing honor.
Never flag in zeal, be aglow with the Spirit, serve the Lord.
Rejoice in your hope, be patient in tribulation, be constant in prayer.
Contribute to the needs of the saints, practice hospitality
 (Romans 12:9-13).
Coincidentally, this passage is also the Lectio brevis of the Vesperas of Tuesday on the Third Week. That is tonight. 

Scholars put the date of composition in 58 A.D. Around that time, the Gospels of Mark and perhaps Matthew had been in circulation. Therefore, we will be able to find similar gospel teachings in the Romans. Perhaps the Romans and the Gospels share a common pool of oral tradition from where the authors drew their inspirations. For example,
Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse them (Romans 12:14, Matthew 5:44, Luke 6:28).
If possible, so far as it depends upon you, live peaceably with all (Romans 12:18, Mark 9:50).
if your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him drink; for by so doing you will heap burning coals upon his head (Romans 12:20, Proverbs 25:21-22, Matthew 5:44, Luke 6:27).
Indeed, quite a number of ideas in Romans 12 came from the book of Proverbs.

Dear Lord, I pray that my zeal for Your Word of life will never flag. Let Your love continue to prod me on. Amen.

Appendix:
ἐμοὶ ἐκδίκησις, ἐγὼ ἀνταποδώσω, λέγει κύριος. 
Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord (Romans 12:19b)
ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ἐκδικήσεως ἀνταποδώσω, ἐν καιρῷ, ὅταν σφαλῇ ὁ ποὺς αὐτῶν, ὅτι ἐγγὺς ἡμέρα ἀπωλείας αὐτῶν, καὶ πάρεστιν ἕτοιμα ὑμῖν. 
Vengeance is mine, and recompense, for the time when their foot shall slip; for the day of their calamity is at hand, and their doom comes swiftly.(Deuteronomy 32:35).

ἐὰν πεινᾷ ὁ ἐχθρός σου, ψώμιζε αὐτόν· ἐὰν διψᾷ, πότιζε αὐτόν· τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ. 
if your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him drink; for by so doing you will heap burning coals upon his head (Romans 12:20)
ἐὰν πεινᾷ ὁ ἐχθρός σου, τρέφε αὐτόν, ἐὰν διψᾷ, πότιζε αὐτόν,
τοῦτο γὰρ ποιῶν ἄνθρακας πυρὸς σωρεύσεις ἐπὶ τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ, 
(Proverbs 25:21-22).
Lectio brevis   Rom 12, 9-12
Diléctio sine simulatióne. Odiéntes malum, adhæréntes bono; caritáte fraternitátis ínvicem diligéntes, honóre ínvicem præveniéntes, sollicitúdine non pigri, spíritu fervéntes, Dómino serviéntes, spe gaudéntes, in tribulatióne patiéntes, oratióni instántes.

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