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Thursday 22 January 2009

Jesus, our perfect High Priest

In the New Testament, there are four gospels, four biographies of Jesus: Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. Each evangelist selects different materials to portray a different aspect of Christ. In general, Mark begins the story with the ministry of John the Baptist and shows that Jesus is the Son of God, full of powerful and actions. Matthew traces the origin of Jesus to Abraham and tries to show that he was a Teacher greater than Moses. He was the long awaited Messiah. Luke rather presents a merciful Saviour for the weak and the sinners. His genealogy of Jesus goes all the way to Adam, the son of God. These three are called Synoptic Gospels because their plots are similar in structure and can be studies side by side. After nearly a quarter of a century, the gospel of John appeared. He traced the origin of Jesus before Creation to show that Jesus is the eternal Word of God. Jesus is Yahweh, our God. Therefore, each evangelist has an agenda in mind when they collect, organize and present the biography of Jesus. What about the author of the epistle to the Hebrews? He was not writing a biography. Instead, he spent a lot of ink to discuss the High Priesthood of Jesus. Why? What was his agenda?
Yesterday, I chose a milder tone to say that "... it was a Christian defence against the frontal attack from the Jews in the first century." Probably, I should have expressed it more strongly. It was an offensive against pre-Rabbinic Judaism. In the Acts of the Apostles, Luke, through the lips of the first Christian martyr Stephen, presented a Christian understanding of the history of the Israelites. Stephen spoke against the Temple cult.
Our fathers had the tent of witness in the wilderness, even as he who spoke to Moses directed him to make it, according to the pattern that he had seen (Acts 7:44).
But it was Solomon who built a house for him.
Yet the Most High does not dwell in houses made with hands
(Acts 7:47-48).
Stephen further spoke of the rebellions of Israelites against Torah.
you who received the law as delivered by angels and did not keep it (Acts 7:53). 
Stephen paid his life for what he spoke.
The author of Hebrews focused on priesthood instead of the Temple. In his view, the covenant and the Torah came from the Levitical priesthood (Hebrews 7:11). Moses was a Levite. Through his mediation, the Israelites received the Torah. And the author shows that this priesthood was inferior.
First and foremost, another covenant was established to replace the previous, inferior one.
For when there is a change in the priesthood, there is necessarily a change in the law as well (Hebrews 7:12).
Secondly, why is the previous covenant inferior? It is because there was no oath.
Those who formerly became priests took their office without an oath, but this one was addressed with an oath, "The Lord has sworn and will not change his mind,
'Thou art a priest for ever.'"
This makes Jesus the surety of a better covenant
(Hebrews 7:21-22).
Thirdly, unlike other high priests, Jesus needs not offer sacrifice for himself. He himself is the sacrifice.
He has no need, like those high priests, to offer sacrifices daily, first for his own sins and then for those of the people; he did this once for all when he offered up himself (Hebrews 7:27).
Jesus is the perfect high priest, a minister in heaven.
Now the point in what we are saying is this: we have such a high priest, one who is seated at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in heaven,
a minister in the sanctuary and the true tent which is set up not by man but by the Lord
(Hebrews 8:1-2).
Fourthly, the Temple was only a copy of the true sanctuary in heaven.
They (the priests) serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly sanctuary; for when Moses was about to erect the tent, he was instructed by God, saying, "See that you make everything according to the pattern which was shown you on the mountain." (Hebrews 8:5)
Christians have a perfect high priest in heaven whereas the Jews have not. They enjoy a more perfect priesthood which abolishes the old.

Dear Jesus, help us always keep this wonderful teaching in mind. We are blessed to be able to share Your heavenly sacrifice, the Holy Eucharist. May it nourish our total love to the Father and to our fellow men. Amen.

Appendix:
See that you make everything according to the pattern which was shown you on the mountain.
ὅρα γάρ φησιν, ποιήσεις πάντα κατὰ τὸν τύπον τὸν δειχθέντα σοι ἐν τῷ ὄρει· (Hebrews 8:5b)
ὅρα ποιήσεις κατὰ τὸν τύπον τὸν δεδειγμένον σοι ἐν τῷ ὄρει. (Exodus 25:40 LXX).

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