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Tuesday 22 July 2008

Feast of Mary Magdalene

There are a number of Mary's in the gospel. Mary Magdalene is one of them and today, the Catholic Church celebrated her feast. According to the gospels,
Mary, called Magdalene, from whom seven demons had gone out (Luke 8:2b, Mark 16:9)
Some scholars would associate her with the anonymous sinful woman (Luke 7:37, 39) who anointed Jesus at the home of Simon the Pharisees in Bethany (Luke 7:36-50, Mark 14:3-9). Independently, John confirms this (John 11:2). The association is based on equating possession by seven demons as being sinful. No doubt, Mary Magdalene, despite her sinful earlier life, must have occupied a very prominent position in the early Church to have her name recorded in the canonical gospels. She was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus. She intended to anoint the corpse of Jesus on the first Easter Sunday and was awarded the honour to be the first person to see the risen Lord. Throughout history, authors have speculated on her relationship with Jesus. The legend of the Holy Grail is also associated with her. Some say the Holy Grail is not a cup, nor a stone, but holy blood which suggests Jesus had fathered a baby through her. Modern authors also put her in an erotic relation with Jesus and they look for evidence in gnostic and apocrypha gospels in order to explain her prominent position in a male-dominated Church which holds fast to putting Mary Magdalene as a model of the penitent.
Today, I would like to focus on the first reading. It is a passage taken from the second letter to the Corinthians. In this Pauline Year, I should spend more time on Paul's epistles whenever they appear in the daily reading. The reading today poses a bit of difficulty. I would like to put several translations together so as to get a better understanding. KJV is close to the original but its English is old.
For the love of Christ constraineth us; because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then were all dead:
And that he died for all, that they which live should not henceforth live unto themselves, but unto him which died for them, and rose again (2 Corinthians 5:14-15, KJV).
For the love of Christ controls us, because we are convinced that one has died for all; therefore all have died.
And he died for all, that those who live might live no longer for themselves but for him who for their sake died and was raised (RSV Catholic Edition).
因為基督的愛催迫著我們,因我們曾如此斷定:既然一個人替眾人死了,那麼眾人就都死了;
他替眾人死,是為使活著的人不再為自己生活,而是為替他們死而復活了的那位生活。(思高聖經)
I think the translations are not satisfactory. They are ambiguous. Structurally, verse 5:14-15 is "For 因為 (A) because (B)". The reasoning is hard to follow. Let's read Greek again.
ἡ γὰρ ἀγάπη τοῦ Χριστοῦ συνέχει ἡμᾶς, κρίναντας τοῦτο, ὅτι εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν, ἄρα οἱ πάντες ἀπέθανον·
καὶ ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν, ἵνα οἱ ζῶντες μηκέτι ἑαυτοῖς ζῶσιν ἀλλὰ τῷ ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν ἀποθανόντι καὶ ἐγερθέντι.

Basically συνέχει means "to hold together". It extends to mean "to constrain/control" and even "to urge on" which is the choice made in the Chinese translation.
The first part of this verse does not have any adverbial phrase of reason (For)! It was introduced during translation.
The κρίναντας is an aorist participle. It could be roughly translated as "having determined / formed the opinion". The τοῦτο that follows refers to the preceding statement, not the following clause! Therefore both RSV and 思高 are not quite accurate.

Therefore, I would be going beyond modesty to propose the following tentative translation.
Having determined that the love of Christ holds us together, since one has died for all, therefore all have died. And he died for all, that ...
It makes better sense to me. We know that the love of Christ holds us together. Since he has died for us all, therefore, we have all died with him (in baptism). He died for us so that we no long live for ourselves but for him. We are held together in his love.
The exercise is worth doing.

My dear Advocate, Christ had died and risen for us. His love binds us to him if only we repent and accept him. St. Mary, you have set up a loving penitent model for us. Pray for us that we may be able to reciprocate His great love, to Him and to the needy in whom He miraculously dwells. Amen.

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