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Showing posts with label songs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label songs. Show all posts

Sunday, 29 March 2026

面對死亡 To Confront Death

基督受難主日,甲年
主題:面對死亡 To Confront Death

所謂『明知山有虎,偏向虎山行』,惟有勇者才做得到!稱呼天主子耶穌基督為勇者,祂當之無愧。當時候到了要完成天父差遣祂的使命時,祂沒有退避死亡的痛苦,毅然進入耶路撒冷。所謂『勝人者力,自勝者強』,當中,祂要克服不少人性的弱點,但祂成功了!作為祂的追隨者,我們有勇氣追隨到底嗎?

『原罪』給人的本性做成了不少傷害,以至人類不願脫離罪惡的奴役,有如染上毒癮一樣。在理性上,我們知道犯了罪,遠離了天主是有害的。可惜,罪惡帶給人類快感和刺激,令不少人沉迷下去,逗留在『安樂窩』/『溫柔鄉』之中,真個是『樂不思蜀』;或者帶給有些人自我膨脹,可以踐踏其他人的機會。罪惡感令有些人絕望,無地自容,不敢相信天主仍會愛慕他們,結果走上自殺的『不歸路』;有些人會濫用理性,把責任推到別人身上,或者設計各種制度來把罪惡合理化,吸引更多人加入犯罪的行列,分擔可能受到的罪罰!有些人未必是埋沒了良心,卻用盡各種方法,減輕犯罪所帶來的痛苦和代價:否認、忘記、壓抑、投射、轉移、認同、幻想…等等,只要不用面對痛苦就是。可惜,不肯面對痛苦並不表示痛苦不存在,痛苦會尋找出路,化身成其他病徵浮現!所以『鴕鳥政策』,實在愚不可及。

世上最大的痛苦莫過於生離死別,那些,世間可有甚麼力量能戰勝死亡呢?經上記載:「…愛情猛如死亡,妒愛頑如陰府…」(歌8:6)。原來人世間的愛情:夫婦之愛、父母子女之愛、兄弟姊妹之愛…與死亡的力量相比,分不出勝負。惟有上主對人類不對等的愛情,才足以戰勝死亡。這是《舊約》時代的信念和希望,惟有上主才有能力拯救人類脫離死亡(詠9:14; 116:8)。為了獲得拯救,人應履行正義(箴10:2),敬畏上主(14:27)。來到《新約》, 我們不了解擁有『兩性一位』的耶穌基督如何把天主性與人性圓美地結合;也不清楚祂的天主性如何『保護』著祂的人性,使祂「…在各方面與我們相似,受過試探的,只是沒有罪過」(希4:15)。但耶穌基督的人性是真實的,祂的感情也是真誠的,祂前往拉匝祿墳墓時流淚(若11:35),一點也不虛偽!因此,在面對自己的死亡時,祂必定經歷了、克服了不少痛點!且讓我們默想記載在今天福音的受難事跡中,一些反面例子如何逃避面對死亡,在對比之下,看耶穌基督如何擁抱死亡,把它轉化為有建設性的力量!

第一個的默想對象是伯多祿。他的師傅已在大司祭蓋法面前,被公議會判定該死(瑪26:66),在外面庭院坐著的他,已經意識到自己身陷險境。倘若被人揭發他與耶穌的關係,他也要成為階下囚,必死無疑。即使在最後晚餐時曾言之鑿鑿,與師傅同生共死(26:35),但為了逃避死亡的威脅,結果他選擇了三次否認自己的師傅(26:69-75)!可幸主耶穌為了教會的未來,為他祈求了(路22:32),所以伯多祿在脫險後,「就悽慘地哭起來了」(22:62)。雖然伯多祿不濟,但他為自己的罪過而哀慟,使他成為有福的人(瑪5:4)。另一方面,同樣不濟的猶達斯,在覺悟到自己原來只是一隻『用完即棄』的棋子之後,他對自己、對身邊的人、對天主都絕望了,便選擇了自殺的不歸路(27:4b-5),拒絕了天主對他的憐愛!反觀耶穌基督,當蓋法迫祂承認自己是天主子時,祂本可否認而脫身。但為了服從天主的旨意,耶穌基督沒有否認,沒有逃避死亡的痛苦,直認自己是天主子不諱(26:64),帶來了罪人的救贖,使天主與罪人得以和好(弗2:16)!

第二個是比拉多,他可以是一個心狠手辣的羅馬總督。例如,他曾把加里肋亞人的血,沾污他們的祭品(路13:1)。但猶太公議會掌握到比拉多的「死穴」/「痛點」,用這死穴來迫他處死耶穌(若19:12)。比拉多有責任維護羅馬帝國的公義,但他為了自保,不願與猶太公議會公開作對,便放棄了公義。他可以自己解脫想,這個耶穌既然不是羅馬公民,而且他的公議會也不保障他的權益,為甚麼我有責任保障他的權益呢?比拉多便當眾洗手,表示猶太人對耶穌的不公義,與他無關(瑪27:24)!當眾洗手便不用為耶穌的死負責,便可以洗脫管治的責任嗎?比拉多對猶太人的憤怒,毫不掩飾地表露出來:罪狀牌寫耶穌是『猶太人的君王』(27:37)。反觀耶穌基督沒有對釘祂的人發怒,反而為他們祈求寬恕(路23:34)。祂是天主的聖言(若1:1),天父藉著祂創造了天地萬物,最後更按天主的肖像創造了人類(創1:26)。耶穌並沒有逃避自己是創造者的責任,當撒殫日夜不斷地在天父前控告我們時(默12:10),祂不斷為我們罪人轉求(羅8:34)。祂也沒有逃避自己是救贖者的責任,在山園祈禱時,祂求天父免去這苦杯,但祂沒有堅持自己的主意(瑪26:39)。祂可以呼召十二軍以上的天使來保護祂不至被捕(26:53),但祂制止伯多祿運用暴力拒捕(26:51-54);祂可以從十字架上下來(27:40; 42)…但祂沒有逃避救贖者的責任,一一拒絕了這些誘惑!

各位親愛的兄弟姊妹,我們還在『裝睡』嗎?我們對身邊貧困的、孤獨的、絕望的、漂泊的、失去自由的…等等的近人(25:40),視而不見,聽而不聞嗎?我們在他們身上看不見耶穌基督普世君王向我們招手嗎?倘若我們覺得這一切都是制度性、結構性的邪惡所做成,我們何德何能,拯救百姓於水深火熱呢?難道要發動革命,改朝換代不成?那麼,至少我們可以退一步為他們的不幸祈禱,為他們所受的痛苦哀慟!我們所相信、所寄望的上主是大能的天主,祂絕對不會令我們的眼淚白流,必定會撫恤被剝削者的慘痛。亞孟。
天主保祐!


2023反省
圖片鳴謝:copilot.microsoft.com, gemini.google.com, grok.com

Sunday, 4 December 2022

What Fire is Unquenchable? 甚麼火會不滅?

Second Advent Sunday, Year A
Theme: What Fire is Unquenchable? 甚麼火會不滅?

Last Sunday, Isaiah painted a future world of justice and peace where peoples and nations do not engage in battles against each other anymore (Isaiah 2:4). Today, he elaborates further how peoples celebrate plurality together. “The wolf shall be a guest of the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the young goat. The calf and the young lion shall browse together, with a little child to guide them. The cow and the bear shall graze, together their young shall lie down; the lion shall eat hay like the ox. The baby shall play by the viper’s den, and the child lay his hand on the adder’s lair” (11:6-8). You might disagree and argue that if wolves do not devour lambs, they are no wolves! Let me assure you. Wolves are still wolves and leopards are still leopards even though they no longer harm the lambs or the goats. How can it be possible? Perhaps the lions and bears are able to give us some clues. They are still lions and bears but they have changed their eating habits (11:7)! Those predators have changed from carnivores to herbivores! How is it possible? What science fiction is this?

Actually, those predators are restored to their original state because when God first created the animals, He gave them green plants for food (Genesis 1:30). That is to say, there was a time when wolves did not prey on lambs and leopards on goats. The story of the fall of our First Parents hints that the ground became cursed because of our sins (3:17). The story of the murder of Abel vividly depicts how “the ground opened its mouth to receive your brother’s blood from your hand” (4:11). The author seems to suggest that the scent of blood had triggered the evolution of animals with stronger jaws and sharper claws into carnivores. Now, how will the end of the world turn those predatory carnivores back into herbivores? Isaiah explains, “For the earth shall be filled with knowledge of the Lord, as water covers the sea.” (Isaiah 11:9)

Prophets speak in images and enigmas. So, let’s assume that those predators are symbols of tyrants, bullies and evil people while goats, lambs and cows are symbols of the mild and the weak. At the end of the world, righteousness and peace will prevail when the earth is filled with knowledge of the Lord. Then tyrants, bullies and evil people will no longer prey on the mild and the weak. Let’s imagine what this could possibly mean in the world today. Leaders of all nations, some of whom are strong while some are weak, sit together in peace, viz. Anwar, Biden, Kim, Putin, Salman, Sogavare, Sunak, Tsai, von der Leyen, Xi and Zelenskyy etc. They coexist in peace because the knowledge of the Lord has transformed them. For the Jews, “knowledge” means “intimate union”. Therefore, the wicked will no longer exploit or prey on the disadvantaged, not because they are afraid of the punishments from the Lord. Instead, they are so filled with the Lord’s love that they are hungry and thirsty to exploit no more!

But will the exploited feel comfortable? Even though they may rest assured that they will be safe in the future, they won’t feel comfortable if they want justice done, their version of justice! They have followed St. Paul’s advice to endure to the end (Romans 15:4). Yet it would be regrettable if the communion with the Lord is unable to empower the exploited “to think in harmony with one other” (15:5), thus to forgive those exploitative overlords. It is always a mystery why the Lord allows the good to suffer. At the moment, I could only console myself with the idea that the good Lord allows a certain amount of necessary evil so as to prevent some greater evil. God allows totalitarian atheist states to exist. Perhaps He wants to expose the hypocrisy of powerful democratic states in this world. Again, I could only leave it to the Lord to console and to encourage.

How are we able to obtain the knowledge of the Lord unless He reveals Himself? Therefore, the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity incarnated as the Jesus of Nazareth to show us the way and the truth and the life (John 14:6). Before His public ministry, John the Baptist prepared the hearts of the Jews, exhorting them to repent and turn to the Lord. His tone was urgent and harsh. He was harsh towards the Pharisees and Sadducees, calling them “brood of vipers!” (Matthew 3:7) But don’t feel offended. Doesn’t Isaiah’s prophecy mention that “the baby shall play by the viper’s den” (Isaiah 11:8)? Doesn’t Jesus commission the seventy-two disciples, saying “Behold, I am sending you like lambs among wolves” (Luke 10:3)? So, don’t be surprised by the imagery!

The Baptist’s vocabulary was urgent: “coming wrath” (Matthew 3:7), “Even now the ax lies at the root of the trees” (3:10) But our distorted sense of justice will easily mislead us to misunderstand his message. When John the Baptist describes what the coming Messiah does, he says, “His winnowing fan is in his hand. He will clear his threshing floor and gather his wheat into his barn, but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire” (3:12). The unquenchable fire will easily conjure up the image of hell in the audience. Then, we’ll easily associate the wheat with the righteous who will go to heaven and the chaff with the wicked who will go to the unquenchable fire in hell at the end of the world. However, I opine that this logic is too simplistic!

I agree that the wheat is the righteous, but only after the chaff has been removed. Before that happens, the wheat and the chaff form the whole grain, a unity of opposites. The chaff is simply the crust of the wheat which is the image of God (Genesis 1:26). When St. Paul preaches the theology of justification by faith, he says, “All have sinned and are deprived of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23). All humanity is contaminated by sins which form a crust to block our communion with the Lord. All of us need to repent and to turn to the Lord in order to have this outer crust removed. The crust is not the core and thus repentance is possible. While some cultures bind sinners and sins together, Christian morality insists on the separation of sins from sinners. While sinful actions are deplorable, sinners are redeemable. I believe the imagery of wheat and chaff demonstrates this ethical truth.

Let’s come back to the Baptist’s urgent message. It clearly states that after the chaff has been removed from the wheat, the Son of Man will burn it with unquenchable fire. But I opine that this time dimension is misleading. It is because the Son of Man exists beyond the time dimension. He is eternal and time is meaningless to Him! When we remove the time dimension, the Baptist’s message clearly states that the Son of Man cherishes and treasures the core which is the image of God. He puts the core in heaven while He burns away the chaff with unquenchable fire. So, what should this “unquenchable fire” be? I speculate that it is the furnace of divine love of God instead of hell! “For Love is strong as Death, longing is fierce as Sheol. Its arrows are arrows of fire, flames of the divine” (Songs 8:6). It is mystical and challenging when we put love and death together. Perhaps our concept of hell is more accurately a concept of purgatory. The unquenchable fire of divine love will purify us and rid us of our sinful crust that prevents us from total surrender and communion with the Lord.

Brethren! The issue is not completely settled because without time, repentance becomes not so urgent after all! Then on what ground does the Lord exhort us to stay awake? On one hand, He warns that nobody knows the hour of His second coming. He would appear at the most unexpected moment! That’s why we should always stay awake. But hasn’t He already come, accompanying us until the end of the age in the Eucharist and in our prayers because He is not constrained in the time dimension? Perhaps urgency is also an illusion. Seize the moment and repent because nobody knows at which moment our lives would be cut short. “You have folded up my life, like a weaver who severs me from the last thread. From morning to night, you make an end of me” (Isaiah 38:12). God bless!
2019 Reflection
Picture Credit: thewayofbeauty.org

Wednesday, 22 July 2009

Feast of St. Mary Magdelene (Year B)

Last year, I also wrote about the feast of Mary Magdelene and the passage from the Second Epistle to the Corinthians. Therefore, this time I want to write about the Songs of Solomon.

I studied science and therefore poetry is not my cup of tea. The pleasing sounds of Chinese poetry, I can appreciate. But when it comes to English, I may not be as capable to follow adequately the meter, the rhyme and the images etc. Hebrew poetry is even more difficult. Simply put, most of us do not know where the accents/stresses lie, how it is pronounced and whether it can be sung. At most, scholars have been able to unearth some parallel structures in it. Let's face it, we read the translations of these poems only. The parallel structures still remain, but the acoustic beauty will elude us. Despite all these setbacks, I understand that poems are powerful vehicles to convey emotions. As I mature, poetry is gaining its appeal over me.

Romantic love and religious emotions probably share the same region in our brains. There are a lot of feelings in common. That probably explains why these love poems were able to occupy a place among the Holy Scripture. Read this.
Set me as a seal upon your heart,
as a seal upon your arm;
for love is strong as death,
jealousy is cruel as the grave.
Its flashes are flashes of fire,
a most vehement flame
(Songs 8:6).
No doubt, this is a line taken from a love poem. Love is as intense as death, as consuming as a fire. Most people have experienced love one way or another. It will not be too difficult to translate their love of God with these terms. Answer ourselves honestly. Have we ever loved God so intensely as to defy death? Have we ever engraved the image of Jesus on our arm, in our heart?

Repetition is one of the many poetic devices. It is part of the parallel structures scholars found in Hebrew poetry. They might act as sign-posts, bracketing chunks of texts. Here are a few examples.
O that his left hand were under my head, and that his right hand embraced me! (Songs 2:6, 8:3)
I adjure you, O daughters of Jerusalem, (by the gazelles or the hinds of the field,) that you stir not up nor awaken love until it please (Songs 2:7, 3:5, 8:4).
I had brought him into my mother's house, and into the chamber of her that conceived me (Songs 3:4b, 8:2a).
Another type of parallel structure involves meanings and pushes the poem forward. For example
I am a rose of Sharon, a lily of the valleys (Songs 2:1)
O that his left hand were under my head, and that his right hand embraced me! (Songs 2:6)
for love is strong as death, jealousy is cruel as the grave (Song 8:6b).
Of course there are many more parallel structures. But all these poetic devices only serve to make the poem more appealing and more memorable. For us, these poems are helpful in uplifting our souls to God, even though some of the verses can be very suggestive while some others are explicit. Erotic love and religious sentiments are sometimes difficult to differentiate.

In the celebration of the feast of St. Mary Magdelene, we read Songs 3:1-4.
Upon my bed by night
I sought him whom my soul loves;
I sought him, but found him not;
I called him, but he gave no answer
(Songs 3:1).
From our experience, we feel that God has been very elusive. He seems to be playing hide-and-seek with us all the time. Yet, very often, He will pop up where we least expect Him. How delightful!
Scarcely had I passed them,
when I found him whom my soul loves.
I held him, and would not let him go
until I had brought him into my mother's house,
and into the chamber of her that conceived me
(Songs 3:4).
Once we have found God, do we establish the most intimate relationship with Him?

Dear Lord, I am not of mystic stuff. I understand that I am not worthy to receive You in my innermost chamber. Please, do not catch me unprepared. Amen.