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Showing posts with label ezekiel. Show all posts
Showing posts with label ezekiel. Show all posts

Thursday, 23 July 2026

我們比先知和義人更有福 We Are More Blessed Than Prophets and the Righteous

我們比先知和義人更有福(瑪13:10-17)

讀經切忌『斷章取義』,應該儘量全盤地研讀,以經解經,避免解錯。
耶穌基督來應驗舊約的預言(瑪5:17),但時代不同,古人沒有現代人的詞彙,很難準確地應驗百分百的細節。例如,今天《瑪竇》所引述的《依撒意亞》預言(13:14-15; 依6:9-10),給讀者的印象,是天主不願意以色列人獲得醫治,獲得罪赦!這樣理解是錯的,不但違反天主的本性,也與其他經文所啟示的真理,產生矛盾。例如「天主是愛」(若一4:8);「因為我〔吾主上主〕不喜歡任何人喪亡」(則18:32)。

群眾來自不同背景,生活著不同程度的『心盲』,各人懷著不同的意圖和渴望…因此耶穌基督對他們只講比喻,給群眾自由選擇。有些人因為聽不懂而離去;有些人聽不到符合他們期望的道理,也會失望地離開;部份群眾聽了比喻,覺得天國原來是那麼實在,而且並不深奧,便興高采烈地走了;有些想認識更多『天國奧秘』的人,便留下跟隨耶穌,請教耶穌…這就是耶穌所說的:「因為凡有的,還要給他,使他富足;但是,凡沒有的,連他所有的,也要由他奪去」(

13:12; 25:29)!其實耶穌在後來講述的『塔冷通比喻』中再次指出,每個人的天賦固然不同,但決定性的因素在於個人的抉擇(25:24-25)!所以,不是天父不願意罪人獲得赦免,而是罪人是否願意回心轉意,尋求與主與人修和!

各位親愛的兄弟姊妹,在《瑪竇福音》,『義人』一詞出現過18次,是指『無罪、守法或天主悅納的人〔例如:亞伯爾〕』。他們的賞報是光榮的:「那時,義人要在他們父的國裡,發光如同太陽」(13:43)。不過,我們作為耶穌的門徒,比先知和義人更有福。因為耶穌解釋了『天國奧秘』給我們知道,是先知和義人沒有機會看到和聽到的。並且祂要派遣『護慰者聖神』親自教訓我們,使我們想起祂所說的一切(若14:26)。請注意,即使我們擁有比先知和義人更大的優勢,將來我們未必「發光如同太陽」。相信大家已經心領神會。
天主保祐!


生命恩泉
圖片鳴謝:gemini.google.com

We Are More Blessed Than Prophets and the Righteous (Matthew 13:10-17)

Quoting a piece of biblical text out of context is the worst thing we are able to do against believers. We should study the Bible as a whole, explaining scripture with scriptures so as to avoid misinterpreting the Bible.
Jesus Christ came to fulfil prophecies in the Old Testament (Matthew 5:17). But our ages are different. Ancient people did not have modern vocabulary. It is next to impossible to fulfil up to 100% of the details. For example, Matthew quotes a prophecy by Isaiah (13:14-15; Isaiah 6:9-10) which gives the readers an impression that God is reluctant to heal and to forgive the Israelites! This interpretation is categorically wrong. Not only does it go against the nature of God, but it also contradicts the truth revealed in other passages. For example, “God is love” (1 John 4:8); “For I [the Lord God] find no pleasure in the death of anyone …” (Ezekiel 18:32).

The crowd came from different backgrounds, living in different degrees of “spiritual blindness”. Each one of them harboured different intentions and desires … Therefore Jesus Christ told them parables, giving the crowd the freedom to choose. Some did not understand and left. Some did not hear the messages they anticipated and left in disappointment. Some felt that the Kingdom of Heaven was not difficult to understand and left joyfully. Some wanted to know more about the “mysteries of the Kingdom” and decided to stay and follow Jesus. This is what Jesus meant when He said, “To anyone who has, more will be given and he will grow rich; from anyone who has not, even what he has will be taken away” (13:12; 25:29)! In fact, Jesus spoke again later in the Parable of Talents. He points out that our talents are of course different but the definitive factor is the personal choices (25:24-25). Thus, it is not that the Father does not want to forgive. Instead, the ball is in the court of sinners. It is up to them to decide whether they are willing to repent and to seek reconciliation with the Lord and with their neighbour!

Beloved brethren, in the gospel of Matthew, “the righteous” appears 18 times to mean “the innocent, the law-abiding or those whom God looks with favour [e.g. Abel]”. Their reward is glorious, “Then, the righteous will shine like the sun in the kingdom of their Father” (13:43). However, being disciples of Jesus, we are more blessed than prophets and the righteous. It is because Jesus explains the “mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven” to us. Prophets and the righteous did not have the opportunity to see or to hear. Furthermore, Jesus will send us the “Advocate” to teach us everything and to remind us of all that He has told us (John 14:26). Pay attention! Even if we have advantages over prophets and the righteous, we may not be able to shine like the sun in the future. I am sure you understand what I mean.
God bless!

Sunday, 19 July 2026

天主對壞人的慈悲 God’s Mercy On the Wicked

常年期第十六主日,甲年
主題:天主對壞人的慈悲 God’s Mercy On the Wicked

我們必須承認,人類是有限的。世上沒有一個人是全知全能和不死的。倘若有,他不是一般的人而是『神人』或『神仙』。古代寫詩寫得好的,被人吹捧為『詩仙』、『詩佛』;棋藝精湛的,被封為『棋聖』;劍術無雙的是『劍聖』…等等。他們斷非泛泛之輩,浪得虛名的人。但人類始終會疲勞、會受情緒和精神壓力影響。西洋棋有一句著名諺語:「犯倒數第二個錯者勝The winner of the game is the player who makes the next-to-last mistake」。結果,不會疲勞的『人工智能』,先後在1997年擊敗西洋棋世界冠軍;在2016年撃敗圍棋世界冠軍!常言道:『智者千慮,必有一失』。『棋聖』也會疲倦而算漏一著。但是倘若我們想成為一個成功人士,或者希望保持在成功的狀態,我們便必須考慮多幾步『後著』了!

天主是無限的,所以祂的『運作模式』不同人類的運作模式,因為天主不須要考慮『後著』!先知說:「誰曾指揮過上主的心靈;或做過祂的參謀,教導過祂呢?祂曾向誰請教過,請他教導自己,指導自己正路,教授自己知識,指示明智的行徑呢?」(依40:13-14);先知繼續說:「因為我〔上主天主〕的思念不是你們的思念,你們的行徑也不是我的行徑」(55:8)。但為我們最難明白的,是為甚麼天主容許邪惡的人,胡作非為,殃及無辜?其實天主的思想並不複雜,祂容忍人類作惡是情理兼備的。
首先,人類是按祂的肖像所造(創1:26),有能力與祂溝通,是祂所有創造中的『傑作』。天主對我們『徧心』,不斷給我們回頭悔改的機會是正確的,因為我們的『失敗』,也就是祂的『失敗』!正如上主藉先知說:「因為我不喜歡任何人喪亡─吾主上主的斷語─你們回心轉意罷!你們必得生存」(則18:32)。
其次,天主是大能的,所以祂自然會極度自我克制,絕不會隨意出手。否則,祂的毀滅能力將會是難以想像的。正如今天的《答唱詠》所說:「上主,祢是良善而慈悲的天主,祢緩於發怒,極其寬仁又極其信實」(詠86:15, 出34:6)。可見天主的全能大能,不單只顯示在祂所行的驚天動地的神跡之中,更顯現在祂的慈悲寬恕之中。讓我們重溫幾個歷史案例,或許可以改變大家的觀感。

首先,亞當吃了『禁果』之後,上主天主固然要懲罰亞當(創3:17-19);但懲罰之前,上主先許下『原始福音』,就是女人的後裔將要踏碎撒殫的頭,而撒殫要咬傷他〔女人的後裔〕的腳跟(3:15)。這就是將來耶穌基督以十字架的苦難來救贖世人的預言!在驅逐原祖父母離開樂園之前,上主為他們造了一件皮衣(3:21)。可見上主真的捨不得看見自己的『傑作』喪亡。
加音殺了亞伯爾之後,上主並沒有「…以命償命,以眼還眼,以牙還牙…以疤還疤」(出21:23-25)去報復。否則,上主的兩件『傑作』便會毀壞了1!上主只懲罰加音成為一個流離失所的人(創4:12),並給加音一個記號保護他,以免遇見他的人撃殺他(4:15)!上主疼愛亞伯爾,同時亦憐愛加音2
到了大約公元前1960年,亞巴郎出生。上主接受99歲的亞巴郎為惡名昭著的索多瑪城求情(18:32);同樣,到了大約公元前15世紀〔另一說公元前13世紀〕,當以色列人在曠野拜金牛時,上主接納梅瑟為這個執拗的民族求情,撤消了要加諸那些拜金牛的百姓的災禍(出32:14)。
到了君王時代,南國猶大的第12任君王阿哈次,是一個虛偽邪惡的君王。他不但仿效外族崇拜偶像,甚至把自己的兒女拿去祭神(列下16:2-4)!就是這位阿哈次,上主天主派依撒意亞先知向他宣布『厄瑪奴耳』的預言(依7:10-17)。他死後由兒子希則克雅繼位,與及後來的約史雅,阿哈次的孫,是二十位猶大君王中,兩個絕無僅有,在上主前無可指摘的猶大君王(18:3; 22:2)!倘若上主沒有給阿哈次悔改機會,希則克雅何來出生的機會呢?

認識了天主的『運作模式』,我們不難理解『麥子與莠子比喻』的教訓。世上正進行著一場靈性的戰爭。天主在世上播下了良好的麥子,但撒殫出於嫉妒,在良好的麥子四周播下壞種子。一方面與好種子競爭資源,使好種子變壞;另一方面好種子與壞種子的關係就好像生在土地下的根一樣,千絲萬縷,糾纏不清。天主出於憐憫和忍耐,等到末日時才作出最後的審判。因此,好人與壞人、義人與惡人,一起生活、一起成長,是無可避免的現實。那麼,我們可以怎樣與那些傷害我們的人一起生活呢?

正如今天的第一篇讀經所記載:「義人必須憐愛眾人」(智12:19)。『眾人』當然包括了邪惡的人,因此我們必須好像天主一樣,憐愛邪惡的人!可能你會想,我們知道天主憐憫邪惡的人,但我們不是天主,我們憑甚麼憐憫邪惡的人呢?所以各位兄弟姊妹,你們是有自由不同意執事的意見。但在憐憫罪人這一點上,雅各伯宗徒的教訓是恰當的,他說:「對不行憐憫的人,審判時也沒有憐憫,憐憫必得勝審判」(雅2:13)。憐憫罪人的動機不是姑息養奸,而是給罪人回頭悔改的機會,是愛德的表現。同時也是信德的表現,因為我們相信天主,而天主在經上清楚說明,「復仇是我的事,我必報復」(羅12:19, 申32:35, 希10:30)。即是說,懲罰和報復由天主來做,由天主來負責!因此,憐憫罪人、寬恕罪人是愛德,同時又是信德的行為。雅各伯宗徒寫完「憐憫必得勝審判」後,繼續寫『沒有行為的信德是死的』(雅2:14-26)。從上文下理可以推斷,雅各伯宗徒正在說:「倘若你沒有憐憫罪人,你的信德是死的,你相信天主是假的,你在說謊!

各位親愛的兄弟姊妹,主耶穌教我們祈禱時說:「求祢寬恕我們的罪過,如同我們寬恕別人一樣」(瑪6:12)。即是說,倘若我們只能寬恕一些雞毛蒜皮的事,在大事情上總要與人斤斤計較,算清算楚的話,我祝願大家好運了!試想想,天父只寬恕我們雞毛蒜皮的罪。聖詠的作者說:「上主,你若細察我的罪辜,我主!有誰還能站立得住?」(詠130:3
天主保祐!


1雖然在時間上,法律是後來的事,但天主從起初已構想了盟約和法律;祂不會自相矛盾,凌駕在自己定立的法律之上。上主沒有殺死加音,顯示了上主的克制!

2據《創世紀》的記載,加音的子孫中,就有畜牧者的始祖(4:20)、彈琴吹蕭的始祖(4:21)。那時人類已進入銅鐵器時代(4:22)。

2023年反省
圖片鳴謝: gemini.google.com, 周家明博士

Sunday, 31 May 2026

耶穌來不是為審判 Jesus Did Not Come To Condemn

天主聖三節,甲年
主題:耶穌來不是為審判 Jesus Did Not Come To Condemn

首先,讓我們先理解第一篇讀經的上文。那裡提到『西乃山』和『兩塊石版』,莫非是『十誡』嗎?錯,因為頒布『十誡』是記載在《出谷紀》的第二十章,今天讀的是第三十四章,是另一回事,一件與『十誡』有關的事跡!事緣由梅瑟領導的六十萬以色列男丁,帶同家眷離開埃及,渡過了紅海,行了六十日,來到西乃曠野(出19:1)。天主準備在西乃山,與這個全人類的福源(創12:3)訂立盟約。以色列百姓「在萬民中將成為我〔天主〕的特殊產業…成為司祭的國家,聖潔的國民」(出19:5-6)。於是梅瑟帶著他的侍從若蘇厄上了山四十天四十夜(24:12-18),即離開了為奴之地的埃及一百天之後,天主交給梅瑟「兩塊約版,即天主用手指所寫的石版」(31:18)。「版兩面都寫著字,前面後面都有字。版是天主做的,字是天主寫的,刻在版上」(32:15-16)。可惜梅瑟在山上逗留了四十日之久,生死未卜。於是百姓迫亞郎為他們造一尊神像,帶領他們返回埃及,亞郎便為以色列百姓鑄了一隻金牛!當梅瑟與若蘇厄下山時,看見百姓正在祭獻金牛。梅瑟在盛怒之下,打碎了上主親手造的兩塊約版!今天第一篇讀經所記載的,是梅瑟在事後重造兩塊石版,獨自一人再上西乃山「同天主一起,停留了四十天四十夜,沒有吃飯,也沒有喝水;把盟約的話,即十句話,寫在石版上」(34:28)。今次不是天主用手指寫在約版上,而是梅瑟自己,逐隻字鑿回去的!怪只怪自己一時衝動,控制不了情緒之過!不過天主並沒有虧待梅瑟,從此,「梅瑟的臉皮發光。以後梅瑟再用首帕蒙上自己的臉」(34:35)。梅瑟成了耶穌的預像,一個『可見的天主』的預像!

默想這一篇讀經的事跡時,不禁被『寫在石版』所觸動。它可能給予世人一種恆久的感覺,一種不變的印象。可惜這種感覺是表面的,這種印象不是真實的!因為時代是在不斷發展之中,科技的進步,越來越急促。且看,我們的教宗良十四世,在半個月前,不是頒布了一份有關『人工智能』的通諭嗎?可見死守曾經是行之有效的規矩,而不因應時代的變化而修訂的,遲早會被時代淘汰。所以死守盟約和法律的文字,而忘記了法律的精神,對個人、對家庭、對社會國家,有害無益!先知們看透這種流弊,便不斷向以色列百姓傳達天主的旨意,解釋法律的精神。在訂立『西乃山盟約』後大概850年,天主藉耶肋米亞先知,向我們通報了祂的心意說:「看,時日將到─上主的斷語─我必要與以色列家和猶大家訂立新約…我要將我的法律放在他們的肺腑裡,寫在他們的心頭上;我要作他們的天主,他們要作我的人民」(耶31:31; 33)。天主很清楚表示,祂要重新與猶太人,還包括全人類,建立『新約』。這『新盟約』與舊的『西乃山盟約』是一脈相承的,天主仍然是我們的天主,我們仍然是天主的人民。但是盟約的條文,不再是寫在石版上,而是寫在全人類的肺腑裡。

可惜罪惡早已把大部份人的心硬化了,有如石版。所以天主在宣布訂立『新盟約』的同一時間,透過另一位先知公告,祂要為全人類做『換心手術』!天主說:「我還要賜給你們一顆新心,在你們五內放上一種新的精神,從你們的肉身內取去鐵石的心,給你們換上一顆血肉的心…如此,你們要居住在我賜給你們祖先的地方;你們要作我的百姓,我作你們的天主」(則36:26; 28)。 這樣,天主確保了盟約的有效性!因為天主要在我們的五內放上一種新的精神,就是天主聖神;上個主日我已經說了,聖神是聖父與聖子之間交流互動的愛。天主聖神保證了我們的心,不再被罪惡硬化為鐵石的心。厄則克耳讓我們知道,換心後,我們才是天主的百姓,祂仍是我們的天主,與「西乃山盟約」是一脈相承!

大家還記得記載在《若望福音》裡的一個啞謎嗎?在某個帳棚節的最後一天,耶穌在聖殿施教有關天主聖神的道理,群眾當然莫名其妙(若7:37-39)。後來的一個清晨,耶穌在聖殿教訓百姓的時候,經師和法利塞人帶來了一個犯姦淫時當場被捉到的婦人,挑戰耶穌是否認同,按梅瑟法律,用石頭砸死那個淫婦(8:4-5)。耶穌沒有直接回答,「卻彎下身去,用指頭在地上畫字」(8:6)。他們不斷地追問,耶穌便說了著名的金句:「你們中間誰沒有罪,先向她投石罷!」(8:7) 又彎下身去,繼續在地上寫字。二千年來,人們都好奇地想知道耶穌究竟在寫甚麼。有人提出耶穌在寫出在場的每一個人的罪,所以在這個事跡中,福音說:「從年老的開始到年幼的,一個一個地都溜走了」(8:9)。這個推測是不對的,因為與今天的福音選段矛盾!今天選讀的福音是這樣說的:「因為天主沒有派遣子到世界上來審判世界,而是為叫世界藉著祂而獲救」(3:17)。

要緊記,審判是在末日才進行的。當我們一息尚存,天主仍開放悔改的機會給我們。當死亡的一刻來臨,我們進入『私審判』的程序。那時我們脫離了肉身的束縛,和時空的束縛,一生的善行與私慾偏情,即時全部呈現眼前。不需要任何判官,我們的良心足以審判自己了!到了世界末日的時候,是我們向全人類,向所有生者及復活起來的死者交代的時候。那時耶穌基督,將會君臨宇宙,按《瑪竇福音》第二十五章施行審判!聖若望宗徒教導我們說,末日未到之前,在天主面前日夜指控我們的是撒殫(默12:10)。相反,保祿宗徒教導我們說,已升天坐在天主右邊的基督耶穌,卻「日夜代我們轉求」(羅8:34)。

那麼,耶穌用指頭在地上寫甚麼呢?
首先,以指頭在石版上,在牆上…等等寫字,是【聖經】表達天主身份的手法。所以,耶穌正在以天主的權威,不但教訓那些在場的經師和法利塞人,而且在教訓全人類。因為耶穌是在「地上」寫字,而上主天主是「用地上的灰土形成了人」(創2:7)的。因此,耶穌是在應驗先知的預言,「我要將我的法律放在他們的肺腑裡,寫在他們的心頭上」(耶31:33)。即是說,耶穌正在把天主的盟約和法律,寫在我們的心裡,而不是把我們的罪過,寫在我們的肺腑裡,這樣做將會是一個相當恐佈的地獄永火懲罰!那為甚麼是「從年老的開始到年幼的,一個一個地都溜走呢」?很簡單,倘若尚未悔改信耶穌,年紀越大的,累積的罪過越多,觸犯了法律的機會越高,越想逃避良心的審判。他們中沒有一個掌握悔改的機會,留下向耶穌懺悔,相信並跟隨耶穌。誠為可惜。那個淫婦卻不同,耶穌不但在她心裡重寫法律,更從死亡邊沿把她拯救出來。她真幸福!

各位親愛的兄弟姊妹,在新約時代的文化氛圍,『愛』有三個層次:『情愛 ero』,是指男女之間的愛;『友愛 philo』是指喜愛或志同道合,惺惺相惜的愛;和『捨己為人的愛 agape』是指母愛或肝膽相照,樂意作出犧牲的愛。若望宗徒說『天主〔聖三〕』的本質就是『愛』,是最高級別的agape(若一4:8)。我們可以從天主子降生成人,代替世人以死贖罪,最後從死者中復活,確保信從祂的人能夠享受永恆的生命。今天我們慶祝天主是愛,我們可以如何回報天主的愛呢?我相信大家一定知道怎樣做!
天主聖三保祐!


2023反省
圖片鳴謝:gemini.google.com

Friday, 1 May 2026

『修和聖事』可以寬恕踐踏耶穌的罪嗎? Can Confession Absolve Stomping on Jesus?

【一牧一棧系列(V)】
『修和聖事』可以寬恕踐踏耶穌的罪嗎?(若14:1-6

昨天默想過選擇性地聽從耶穌的訓誨,有如『舉腳踢耶穌』(若13:18b)。今天讓我們默想耶穌的著名『金句』:「我是道路、真理、生命,除非經過我,誰也不能到父那裡去」(14:6),反省信耶穌的其他形式。

昨天我們已經默想過『信耶穌』不僅包括了實行祂的訓誨(13:17),並且不可以選擇性地實行(13:18b)。今天選讀的經文更指出,『除非經過耶穌,〔否則〕誰也不能到〔天〕父那裡去』。語氣聽〔看〕來非常絕對,世上沒有捷徑、其他途徑或方法,可以與天父修好,獲得永生。只有實行耶穌教導的一條路,是『不二法門』…等等!那麼,對於從沒有聽聞過耶穌的人,例如孔子、老子和釋迦牟尼…等等,天父一定會安排耶穌以外,別的途徑與他們修好,使他們也可以認識耶穌,獲得永生。先知說:「因為我〔上主〕不喜歡任何人喪亡」(則18:32);「因為祂〔天主〕願意所有的人都得救,並得以認識真理〔耶穌基督〕」(弟前2:4)。至於那些聽過耶穌,卻選擇拒絕耶穌的,便要為自己的選擇負上倫理責任了。至於那些取巧的、言行不一的信徒,同樣也要為自己的所作所為,負上責任。

由遠藤周作同名小說改編的電影『沉默』(1971; 2016),引發我們反省信仰耶穌的其他形式。當天主看著信徒受酷刑迫害仍默不作聲,仍沒有伸出援手的時候,有些勇敢的信徒捨命殉道,有些卻為了保命而踐踏十字架苦像。他們可算是舉腳踢耶穌,踐踏耶穌的叛徒了。
為了自衛或保衛無辜者而被迫殺人,倫理和法律會減免這些人的責任。同理,在教難時基督徒被迫選擇保命,要負上倫理責任嗎?伯多祿也是為了保命而三次否認自己的師傅,與電影『沉默』中部份日本基督徒『踏繪』,有甚麼分別呢?伯多祿流芳百世,『踏繪』的基督徒在有生之年被唾棄,受良心的責備,是應得的嗎?還是另類的殉道呢?

各位親愛的兄弟姊妹,對那些有意或無意踐踏了耶穌而內咎的人,我會這樣安慰他們:『耶穌是道路…要經過祂才可以到達天父那裡。倘若不踐踏祂,難道你在祂上面爬行到天父那裡嗎?』希望可以博得他們一笑,亞孟。
天主保祐!


生命恩泉
圖片鳴謝:copilot.microsoft.com

[One Shepherd One Fold Series --- V]
Can Confession Absolve Stomping on Jesus? (John 14:1-6)

Yesterday when we meditated on selectively observing Jesus’ teachings, we came to the conclusion that it is equivalent to raising one’s heel against Jesus (John 13:18b). Today, let us meditate on the famous proof-text, viz. “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me” (John 14:6) so as to reflect on other ways to believe in Jesus.

Yesterday we meditated that “believing in Jesus” involves not only practising His teachings (13:17), but also refraining from selectively putting His teachings into practice (13:18b). More than that, the passage today points out explicitly that “Unless through Jesus, nobody can come to the Father”. The text sounds absolute. There is no other way, no other shortcut to reconcile with the Father and attain eternal life. There is only one way and no alternative … etc. Then for those who had not heard of Jesus, such as Confucius, Lao Tsu, Siddhartha Gautama … etc., the Father must have arranged other ways, other than Jesus, to reconcile them with Him, so that they might know Jesus and attain eternal life. The prophet says, “For I find no pleasure in the death of anyone who dies” (Ezekiel 18:32). God “wills everyone to be saved and come to knowledge of the truth [i.e. Jesus Christ]” (1 Timothy 2:4). As for those who have heard of Jesus but choose to reject Him, they need to bear the moral responsibilities of their choices. As for those who do not practise what they preach, they too would be held accountable for their actions.

The movie “Silence” (1971; 2016) which was based on a Japanese novel by Shusaku Endo, sheds light on other ways to believe in Jesus. When God remained silent and did nothing in view of the tortures and persecutions suffered by Christians, some courageously embraced martyrdom while some stomped on crucifixes in order to save their skins. In most people’s eyes, those who stomped on crucifixes are traitors.

When people are forced to kill out of self-defence or defence of the innocent, their moral and legal responsibilities are diminished. Similarly, when Christians are forced to choose survival during religious persecutions, are they exempted from moral responsibilities? Peter denied his own Master three times to survive. Was there any differences between Peter and those Japanese Christians who stomped on crucifixes, the Fumi-e? Peter was canonized. Do those Christians who had stomped on crucifixes deserve other people’s despise and condemnation from their own consciences for the rest of their lives? Or is it another form of martyrdom?

Beloved brethren! To those who regret stomping on Jesus deliberately or what not, I would console them, lighten their hearts in this way, “Jesus is the way … only through Him can we come to the Father. If you do not stomp on Jesus, would you rather crawl on Him to the Father?” Amen.
God bless!

Sunday, 22 March 2026

我要去叫醒他 I Am Going To Awaken Him

四旬期第五主日,甲年
主題:我要去叫醒他 I Am Going To Awaken Him

一般人每天都按自己的生活崗位,來回在『工作』與『休息』之間。即使是退休人士也不例外,只是『工作』的形式不同罷了!一般人都是『日出而作,日入而息』;白日工作,黑夜休息。即使是當『夜更』的人,顛倒了日夜,也總需要休息。睡眠是最自然的『休息』方法,能夠恢復人類身、心、靈的疲倦。相信大家也曾品嘗過失眠的滋味,不大好受。倘若為了某些原因,一個人長時間被剝削睡眠,他的意志和精神狀態甚至會崩潰,為了獲得休息而放棄對抗。這是用來對付俘虜、奴隸,甚至人質和嘴硬的間諜,一個非常有效的不流血手段!在現實生活中,睡眠是那麼舒適,以至很多人即使是醒了,也喜歡『賴床』一番,等到最後一刻才爬起身,匆忙地趕回工作崗位!

在今天的福音選段中,耶穌說:「我們的朋友拉匝祿睡著了,我要去叫醒他」(若11:11)。從下文可知,耶穌不是指拉匝祿在『休息』,而是『死了』(11:13)。大家或許會奇怪,信徒『死了』不是『安息主懷』嗎?對不起,這是後世的思想,並不是當代信徒的思想。難怪門徒第一個反應是『一個病人能睡,能休息』不是一件好事(11:12)嗎?當耶穌說清楚『睡著了』是指『死了』的意思,多默的反應是:「我們也去,同他一起死罷!」(11:16),顯得多默是個俏皮可愛,童心未泯的人。很明顯,『睡著了』等同『死了』還不是當代通用的辭彙。當時的慣用語是「與祖先長眠」(撒下7:12)、「長眠不醒」(耶51:39)或者直接說「斷了氣」(列上17:17; 德38:24)。到了《新約》時代才開始把『睡著了』等同『死了/長眠』(瑪28:13; 宗7:60; 格前7:39…)來使用。因此當耶穌說:『我要去叫醒他〔拉匝祿〕』,便是指祂要前往伯達尼復活祂的好朋友拉匝祿。

請注意,在耶穌時代,不是所有猶太人都相信『復活』的。例如出自司祭集團的『撒杜塞』黨,他們只信奉《梅瑟五書》的權威,來鞏固司祭集團的地位。撒杜塞人曾挑戰耶穌,提出『婦人曾嫁七兄弟』的假設案例,去推翻有關『復活』的學說(瑪22:23-32)。他們是既得利益集團,當然是希望保存現狀。沒有『復活』,就沒有『後顧之憂』,不用擔心在『復活』後受懲罰!誰人鼓吹『復活』的學說呢?諷刺地是與耶穌作對的『法利塞』黨!他們不但接受《梅瑟五書》的權威,同時亦承認《先知書》的教訓是來自天主,而先知的言論,很多帶有『公義』的思想,勸籲百姓棄惡行善。要知道猶太教的《先知書》除了大小先知外,還包括了《若蘇厄》、《民長紀》、《撒慕爾紀上下》和《列王紀上下》。但《先知書》的教訓並不明確!當中有提及先知厄里叟復活婦人的兒子(列下4:8-37);甚至一個死屍接觸到厄里叟的駭骨便復活起來(13:21)!但先知也明確地說:「死去的人不會再活,幽魂也不會復生」(依26:14)。是天主子耶穌基督在回覆撒杜塞人的挑戰時,明確地教導『復活』。

在默想『復活拉匝祿』的故事時,發覺眾人的思維只停留在『不死』的層面,對『永生』的觀念仍然非常模糊!例如,當瑪爾大去迎接耶穌時,對祂說:「若是你在這裡,我的兄弟決不會死」(若11:21)。當瑪利亞也來到見到耶穌時,哭著說同樣的話:「主!若是你在這裡,我的兄弟決不會死」(11:32),令耶穌也流淚了(11:35)。原來耶穌真是一個有血有肉的人,不是『不食人間煙火的神仙』!在場有些人便說:「這個開了瞎子眼睛的,豈不能使這人〔拉匝祿〕也不死麼?」(11:37)。『人皆有死』是常識,所以他們所說的『不死』,只不過是『暫時還沒死去』的意思。此前耶穌反問瑪爾大時:「我就是復活…凡活著而信從我的人,必永遠不死,妳信麼」(11:25-26),瑪爾大只能夠『答非所問』,因為『我就是復活,就是生命…即使死了,仍要活著…必永遠不死』為她太複雜,太深奧了!事實上,即使有所謂『不死之身』,也只不過是『暫時還沒死去之身』。但耶穌教導的、示範的,是 『死而復活』,是『永遠的不死』,這才是『永生』。因為耶穌所啟示的天父,「不是死人的,而是活人的天主」(瑪22:32),這已經是耶穌榮進耶路撒冷之後的事了。

耶穌來不是為廢除法律和先知,而是為成全它們(5:17)。所以『耶穌復活拉匝祿』的事跡,是具體地應驗了厄則克耳先知的預言。預言的上文是厄則克耳先知的『枯骨復生神視』,『枯骨』象徵了當時亡國充軍的以色列人。天主派遣厄則克耳向那些絕望如枯骨的以色列人預言,天主要打開他們的墳墓,領他們出來(則37:12)。不但如此,天主還要把祂的神傾注在他們內(37:14)。否則,他們只不過是雖生猶死的『喪屍』而已!耶穌基督來就是為成全這一切,祂不但從墳墓中叫醒拉匝祿,後來更在五旬節,把天主聖神「傾注在他們〔信徒們〕內」(宗2:4),使他們充滿永生的氣息,開始把福音傳遍普世。

現實歸現實,我們不能小覷罪惡和死亡的威力。且看還有那麼多人,包括已蒙恩得救的信徒,仍然在『裝睡』,在『賴床』哩!他們沒有領受『堅振聖事』,沒有領受了聖神嗎?有是有的,但可能連聖神也『睡著了』!問題在於處於犯罪的狀態帶來很有害而暢快的刺激!眾所周知,吸煙濫藥有害健康,但『癮君子』們戒不了;賭博令人傾家蕩產、妻離子散、欠債累累,但『病態賭徒』仍大有人在;『婚外情』破壞家庭幸福,但仍然有很多人甘心不顧禮教和名份做『第三者』;落得始亂終棄收場,冤孽纏身,損人而不利己,何苦呢?結論:『賴床』的人與『睡著了』的人沒有分別,同樣是『難以自拔』,須要耶穌基督主動地「去叫醒他」(若11:11b)!

親愛的兄弟姊妹,請不要再懷疑天父對罪人的慈愛。祂從來沒有離開我們身旁。我們無論如何不堪當,如何自愧形穢;但在祂的眼中,我們都是祂的肖像,祂的子女,祂的傑作!耶穌基督已經升天,「在天主右邊,代我們轉求」(羅8:34)。因此,天主子會問:「我將派遣誰呢?誰〔在人世間〕肯為我們去〔叫醒那些睡著了和那些賴床的人〕呢?」(依6:8a)。倘若各位現在還沒有準備好,還沒有依撒意亞那『捨我其誰』的氣概(6:8b),不要緊,呼求聖神降臨,重振已領受在心中的『聖神七恩』;活出『真福八端』的精神;催促我們做『希望的傳承者』,向絕望有如枯骨的人,廣傳對天父的希望,朝氣蓬勃地結出『聖神九果』罷!亞孟。
天主保祐!


2023反省
圖片鳴謝:grok.com, copilot.microsoft.com, gemini.microsoft.com

Sunday, 11 January 2026

上善若水 Heavenly Benevolence Is Like Water

主受洗節,甲年
主題:上善若水 Heavenly Benevolence Is Like Water

今天教會慶祝「主受洗節」,今晚「夜禱」之後,「聖誕期」結束,開始禮儀年度的「常年期」,更深入地默想天主子的救世工程。
主耶穌基督三十歲離開祂成長的地方納匝肋,開始進行天父的救世計劃。首先,祂到約旦河接受若翰洗者的洗禮。跟著的四十天,祂在曠野接受完撒殫的挑戰之後,纔開始祂三年的傳揚福音工作。祂所做的工作,與祂的先驅若翰洗者不同:若翰洗者「宣講悔改的洗禮」(谷1:4),並沒有施行任何神跡;最後殉道,被分封侯黑落德安提帕斬首。主耶穌則宣講天主的福音〔即天國〕(1:14)、行神跡顯示天父的慈悲和臨在、召選門徒建立教會、最後亦殉道受難,被釘十字架;但祂卻復活了。

今天教會慶祝主耶穌受洗,很多外教人一定會疑問,「洗禮」只不過是一些繁文縟節,既然耶穌是「一教之主」,祂有必要受洗嗎?祂是想樹立榜樣嗎?要知道祂的榜樣不一定可以跟隨,例如祂曾步行水面、平息風浪等,信徒們可以做嗎?另一方面,有些教友,尤其是接受過神學訓練的教友,會因為耶穌接受洗禮而懷疑祂的天主子身分,「主的受洗」反而成了他們信仰上的絆腳石!既然是與「」有關,就讓我們循水的方向默想吧!

老子說:「上善若水」(道德經#8),意思是「上天的美善好像水一樣」。那麼,水有甚麼美善呢?首先,不是「水所以載舟,亦所以覆舟」(孔子家語‧五儀解),在下方的水;而是在上方的水,「上水」!《道德經》進一步解釋說:「水善利萬物而不爭」。意思是水滋養萬物,而不強制萬物。遇到接受它、吸收它的,水會滋潤它們;遇到抗拒它的,水會順從對方的反應來運行,繞過它們,很有耐性地琢磨它們。所謂「人望高處,水望低流」。水喜歡俯就卑微弱小的個體,提攜它們。《舊約》的先知們也曾用「水」來描述上主的美善:例如厄則克耳先知有關聖殿流出活水成河,滋養和醫治沿河兩岸的萬物的神視(則47:1-12)。又例如依撒意亞先知預言的天主聖言,即天主子耶穌基督:「譬如雨和雪從天降下,不再返回原處,只有灌溉田地,使之生長萌芽,償還播種者種子,供給吃飯者食糧;同樣,從我口中發出的言語,不能空空地回到我這裡來;反之,祂必實行我的旨意,完成我派遣祂的使命」(依55:10-11)。《聖詠集》的作者也這樣說:「天主常在自己的聖所內居住,是孤兒的慈父,是寡婦的保護」(詠68:6);「上主對旅客加以保護,上主支持孤兒和寡婦,上主迷惑惡人的道路」(146:9)。可見我們所相信和寄望的天主真是萬美萬善,慈悲對待我們。正如今天的第一篇讀經說:「請看我扶持的僕人,我心靈喜愛的所選者!我在他身上傾注了我的神,叫他給萬民傳布真道」(依42:1)。你和我都是上主選派的,我們要往普天下去,履行祂的旨意,使眾生獲得拯救和祝福(創12:3)。對於心硬的、抗拒的,上主天主會尊重他們的自由,不會強迫他們相信祂、強迫他們去愛祂!上主藉先知痛心地說:「的確,以色列倔強,有如一頭倔強的母牛…厄弗辣因與偶像結了不解之緣:任憑他們罷!他們與醉客為伍…他們必因自己的祭壇蒙受恥辱」(歐4:16-19)!

明白了上主天主的工作模式,讓我們默想為甚麼耶穌接受洗禮。《瑪竇福音》著重信徒在教會內的生活,所以《瑪竇》的內容,充滿教理性,與我們所相信的道理,息息相關。瑪竇敘述「主受洗」的故事,也沒有例外。
首先,水有清潔的作用,用水施行洗禮,象徵消除受洗者的罪過。這就是若翰洗者對來受洗的耶穌說話的背景:「我本來需要受祢的洗,而祢卻來就我嗎」(瑪3:14)。等一等,根據《路加福音》的記載,聖母探訪她的表姊依撒伯爾時,若翰洗者在依撒伯爾的腹中歡躍,母子二人遂充滿了聖神(路1:41)。若翰洗者 不是好像耶穌和聖母一樣,出生時便沒有「原罪」嗎?為甚麼他覺得需要領受耶穌的洗禮呢?況且後來耶穌曾稱讚他說:「我實在告訴你們:在婦女所生者中,沒有興起一位比洗者若翰更大的」(瑪11:11a)。可見他與一般人相比,的確偉大。因為他出生時便沒有「原罪」,不受罪惡的影響,犯罪的機會比一般人低。他求耶穌為他施洗,是因為他謙遜,明白自己的定位。他與「天主的羔羊」(若1:29, 34)相比,不是新郎,而是伴郎,相形見絀。若翰洗者自己曾作證說:「祂應該興盛,我卻應該衰微」(3:30),就是這個原因。所謂「能醫不自醫」,所以若翰洗者渴望耶穌為他施洗。而神父、主教和教宗,即使有赦罪的權柄,亦不可以自己赦免自己的罪,要向其他的鐸兄鐸弟「辦告解」!

那麼,耶穌回答若翰洗者說:「你暫且容許罷!因為我們應當這樣,以完成全義」(瑪3:15),有甚麼意思呢?首先要留意的,是耶穌用「容許」這個詞語。可能大家沒有留意到,施洗者有「酌情權」可以拒絕為某些人施洗的!如果大家不是在嬰兒時手抱著領洗,一定經歷過「見神父、考道理」的程序!是的,神職人員有責任確定成年候洗者是否已經準備妥善,領受重生的「入門聖事」。否則,神職人員有責任押後洗禮,直到候洗者準備妥當才施洗。而嬰兒洗禮並不取決於嬰兒是否明白要理,因為他們未開明悟,未明白天主的恩寵。為嬰兒和為長者施洗,是憑家人和教會的信德,不是憑受洗者本人的信德。因此,為嬰兒施洗是取決於父母是否有能力栽培子女的天主教信仰。例如,他們自己有讀經祈禱、參加彌撒、勤領聖事的習慣嗎?另外,他們的婚姻狀況會否阻礙子女的靈性成長等等。

容許」一詞比較容易明白,那麼,「全義」是甚麼呢?「完成全義」又是甚麼意思呢?「全義」是指甚麼?試問人類何德何能,何來資格稱為「」呢?所以在中文【聖經】的翻譯中,「」是指天主的「公義」,指天主的拯救。倘若天主只創造我們,卻任由我們受罪惡的勞役;不拯救我們,任由我們喪亡,祂便不是一個全能的、公義的天主了。這與洗禮有甚麼關係呢?保祿宗徒給我們解釋了「洗禮」,除了洗淨罪惡之外的另一個重要的幅度。保祿宗徒說:「難道你們不知道:我們受過洗歸於基督耶穌的人,就是受洗歸於祂的死亡嗎?我們藉著洗禮已歸於死亡,與祂同葬了…我們藉著同祂相似的死亡,已與祂結合,也要藉著同祂相似的復活與祂結合」(羅6:3-5)。天主不喜歡任何人喪亡(則18:32),「祂不是死人的,而是活人的天主」(瑪22:32)。因此,耶穌不是為了樹立榜樣,而是為了預示祂的受難、死亡、埋葬和復活而受洗。為了完成救贖工程,受難、死亡、埋葬和復活,缺一不可。這就是「完成全義」的意思。

各位兄弟姊妹,我們既然享受了領洗入教的恩寵,表示天主已召選了我們,成為「萬民的福源」。倘若有朋友覺得「洗禮」只不過是繁文縟節,只要「信耶穌就可以得永生」,洗禮是多餘的。請不厭其煩,耐心地聽他們的意見,再向他們解釋:沒有經過洗禮的死亡,脫去『舊我』,便沒有復活,穿上『新我』的機會。簡單地說,沒有領洗,便依然故我;沒有新我,便沒有超越,沒有永生。亞孟。
天主保祐!


2020年反省
圖片鳴謝:copilot.microsoft.com, grok.com

Sunday, 16 November 2025

上主是我們的希望 The Lord Is Our Hope

常年期第三十三主日,丙年
主題:上主是我們的希望 The Lord Is Our Hope

在今天的福音選段,主耶穌教導我們如何面對世界末日。
末日有兩個意思:指「個人的末日」和「世界的末日」。兩個末日有一個相同之處,就是沒有人知道「那日子和那時刻」,尤其是世界的末日。即使主耶穌曾表示連衪也不知道(谷13:32),但世上仍然存在一個對世界末日感到很大興趣的市場。很多想賺錢的人,會利用人類渴望知道末日時刻的心理發「末日財」。例如十多年前,有人借瑪雅曆法,宣揚「2012年是世界末日」,發行電影,書籍等等…平心而論,有多少人認識瑪雅文化,她的文字,甚至她的曆法呢?結果,2012年過去了,世界依然存在,發「末日財」的人賺到盤滿缽滿。被騙的人會醒覺嗎?不會!2012年不會是最後一次發「末日財」的機會,將來一定還有。因為這是人類的劣根性,是人性受到「原罪」傷害的後果。

當世人失去了天主的同時,便失去了安全感。於是千方百計增加自己的財富,權力,青春…以為可以讓自己高枕無憂。可惜,沒有人知道自己的末日。正如主耶穌在常年期第18主日的教訓所說:「那為自己厚積財產而不在天主前致富的,也是如此」(路12:32)。在他死後,所有財富只會留給沒有辛勞過的人。所以累積財富來增加安全感的方法,實在愚不可及!

那麼集大權於一身可行嗎?對不起,也不行!假設你已排除所有異己,確保沒有一個比你更長壽;在國內已經永遠沒有勢力可以推翻你,那麼對外又如何呢?沒有人能獨自生存,一個國家也必須依靠其他國家供應所缺乏的資源。末日前一定有戰爭及叛亂,有天災人禍(21:9-11)。又因為全球漸趨一體化,即使局部的衝突,亦影響大部份地區的「供應鏈」。即使你已集一個國家的大權於一身,恐怕也保障不了你的安全!另一方面,科技發達的國家已爭先恐後到外太空殖民,作為逃離地球末日的出路之一。這個方案的可行性,見仁見智。但毫無疑問,它把全人類暴露到更大的風險中,值得嗎?財富、權勢和科技只會讓我們管有更多的資源,相對地富有。但在末日面前,無論是個人的末日,還是地球的末日,我們與一個身無分文的乞丐沒有分別。即使擁有再多的資源,我們同窮人相比,並沒有更大的優勢,或更大的安全感。

前教宗方濟各以「如同天父慈悲」為主題,定2016年為特殊禧年,讓世人藉教會的見證,認識天父的慈愛。他又訂定每年的常年期第三十三主日,即「基督普世君王節」之前一個主日為「世界窮人日」,今年已經是第九屆了。他要求教友團體創造與窮人相遇的時刻,提供具體的支持和協助。如此一來,下一個主日,我們能夠更真實地慶祝「基督普世君王節」,慶祝基督在末日光榮地再來,審判生者死者。但基督受光榮的時刻,正是祂被高舉在十字架上的時候(若3:14-15)。那時的祂,一無所有,一貧如洗。祂立下榜樣,教導我們如同赤貧的人一樣,完全信賴天父。

既然我們失去安全感的根源來自失去了天主,所謂「解鈴還須繫鈴人」,只要找到天主,一切問題就會迎刃而解了。天主是肉眼看不見的,儀器量度不到的。我們可以怎樣找到天主呢?幸好我們的天父是慈悲的,祂體諒我們的困難,派遣天主子降生成人,指示我們與祂修和的道路,實踐真理,獲得生命(14:6)。耶穌基督的道路,知易行難,因為與世俗的價值觀相反:前面說過,耶穌教我們在天主前致富,世俗卻以我們的消費能力,來衡量我們生命的價值;耶穌教我們謙遜,中華文化鼓勵我們出人頭地、揚名立萬;耶穌教我們寬恕七十個七次,周圍的人卻認為有仇不報非君子,是懦夫…等等,要堅忍到底(路21:19),談何容易?有甚麼可以支持我們繼續走這條路呢?就是天主的承諾。即使我們不忠信,天主仍是忠信的(羅3:3),祂言出必行(則37:14)。除了天主之外,我們還可找到更好的保障嗎?

天主有甚麼具體的承諾呢?對不起,欠奉。理由很簡單,因為具體的,適合你的,未必適合其他人;適合所有人的,便會流於空泛。先知的話反而說得最好:「天主為愛祂的人所準備的,是眼所未見,耳所未聞,人心所未想到的」(格前2:9; 2:9; 依64:3)。我們只須要相信,「天主自會照顧」(創22:8),便足夠了。

親愛的兄弟姊妹!所謂:「路漫漫其修遠兮,吾將上下而求索」。回歸父家的道路又長又遠,沒有捷徑,堅持實踐真理並不容易。可幸我們有基督相伴,有祂的體血作生命的食糧。只要寄望於上主的許諾,末日又何足懼呢?
天主保祐!


2022 反省
圖片鳴謝:grok.com

Sunday, 9 November 2025

教會是基督的身體 The Church is the Mystical Body of Christ

祝聖拉特朗大殿(慶日)
主題:教會是基督的身體

望德禧年 」 已接近尾聲,將於12月28日「 聖家節 」 結束。但天主教香港教區將於明年,以「希望的傳承者 」 為主題,繼續慶祝教區成立80周年。今天我們慶祝「 祝聖拉特朗大殿 」 慶日,是一個教會自我反省的好日子,就讓我們一起默想天主救贖的奧妙。

在拉丁語系,「 教會 」 與「 教堂 」 是同一個字。我不是吹毛求疵,我卻認為一座「教堂 」 或者「 聖殿 」 ,只不過是一座建築物,不能等同「 教會」 。因為如果沒有信徒在場的話,它只不過是一座死氣沉沉的建築物。即使現場有很多人,卻不是信徒,這座建築物也只不過是一個旅遊境點罷了,仍然稱不上是「教會 」 !話雖如此,即使只是一座建築物,教堂或者聖殿,也可以是一個很印象深刻的「 教會」 象徵。

厄則克耳是【舊約】四大先知之一,他原是耶路撒冷聖殿的司祭。當巴比倫帝國滅了猶大國,燒毀了聖殿之後,她把所有能夠復國的人,包括王室、貴族、司祭、知識份子、士兵、青年男女等等,全部充軍;留下老弱婦孺,自生自滅。在充軍巴比倫期間,司祭沒有聖殿可以祭祀天主,厄則克耳惟有「轉業 」 ,蒙天主召選擔任先知職務,安慰流徙的百姓,堅持對天主的希望。亡國50年後,天主安排波斯王居魯士征服了巴比倫帝國,解放猶太人回國重建耶路撒冷聖殿。居魯士成為猶太人的「受傅者/默西亞 」 (依45:1) 。

今天的第一篇讀經,節錄了厄則克耳先知宣講有關耶路撒冷聖殿的神視,預言了「 教會 」 在未來世界所擔任的角色。天主要藉著教會,醫治這個被罪惡所傷害的世界。「看,有水從聖殿下面湧出,流向東方 」 ( 則47:1 ) 。「 這水流向東方…而入於海…海水遂變成好水」 ( 47:8) 。「凡這水所到的地方,百物必能生存 」 ( 47:9 ) 。這活水流經的兩岸,長有各種果樹。「因為水是出自聖所,樹上的果實可當作食物,枝葉可當作藥材 」 ( 47:12 ) 。作為充軍巴比倫的猶太人,聽到先知告訴他們,在將來聖殿仍然存在,已經滿心歡喜,不必理會「從聖殿有水流出,使大地充滿生機 」 有甚麼意思了!

作為基督徒,我們憑著從宗徒傳授下來的信仰,更明白先知預言中所運用的象徵,有何意義。感謝若望宗徒,他不但記載了耶穌基督清理聖殿的事跡,更把自己經過超過半個世紀的默想所領悟出的心得,留給我們。若望說:「 但耶穌所提的聖所,是指衪自己的身體」 ( 2:21) 。若望的反省是重要的,他指出耶穌基督的復活,是肉身的復活。因此衪的死是真實的死亡,而不是幻覺。伯多祿宗徒指出,信徒組成的教會,就好像一座屬神的聖殿。他說:「 你們接近了衪[耶穌基督]…你們也就成為了活石,建了一座屬神的殿宇」 ( 伯前2:4-5) 。要知道在猶太人心目中,世上可以崇拜天主的地方,只有耶路撒冷聖殿。基督徒以「新以色列 」 自居,固此把聖殿的觀念,靈性化為「 教會團體 」 。保祿宗徒甚至反過來,把信徒的身體,靈性化為「聖神的宮殿 」 ( 格前6:9) ,教訓信徒不可淫亂。

因此,綜合伯多祿和若望的教導,我們可以得到這個結論:信徒所組成的教會,就是一座「 聖殿 」 。不是一般異教徒的神廟,而是屬於天主的聖殿。不再是【舊約】時代的耶路撒冷聖殿,而是信徒因主的名團聚在一起的「教會 」 。保祿宗徒更直截了當地教導「 教會 」 就是耶穌基督的奧體。他說:「 你們便是基督的身體,各自都是肢體」 ( 格前12:27) 。所以三大宗徒都不約而同地教導,「教會 」 是基督的奧妙肢體。

在上一個主日的福音選段中,耶穌基督指出衪是道路、真理和生命,只有通過衪,世人才可與天父和解( 若14:6) 。既然教會是基督的身體,所以教會也是通往天父的『惟一』道路。雖然教會是由罪人所組成,但保祿宗徒告訴我們,基督要「使她成為聖潔和沒有污點的 」 ( 弗5:27 ) 。所以教會是『至聖』的。教會不受地域種族限制,接納全人類加入,所以她是『至公』的。最後,這個大公的教會,是『從宗徒傳下來的』。我們信仰的內容,都是由宗徒們和他們的繼承人,代代相傳下來的。作為「基督奧體 」 的教會,可謂任重道遠了。

感謝若望宗徒,他的領悟是深刻的。上面已提及到是他領悟到「 聖殿 」 象徵耶穌的身體( 若2:21) 。是若望記載了耶穌與撒瑪黎雅婦人在井旁相遇,啟示了衪自己就是「活水 」 (4:10-11; 7:38 ) 。耶穌基督在十字架上受難的時候,所有宗徒都為了自保,不在刑場。惟有若望、聖母瑪利亞和一些婦女留在刑場,目睹耶穌受難。所以若望有機會親眼看見「有一個士兵用槍刺透了衪的肋旁,立刻流出了血和水 」 ( 19:34 ) 。原來這從耶穌基督肋旁流出的「」 ,就是厄則克耳先知所預言的,使大地充滿生機的「 活水 」 !是若望宗徒幫助我們明白,耶穌基督的死,應驗了先知的預言,使大地由耶穌基督的肋旁所流出的活水,再次充滿生機!

親愛的兄弟姊妹,作為基督徒,只要我們有兩三個人因基督之名聚在一起,衪就臨在我們之中( 瑪18:20) 。我們有責任使四周的人和事物,再次充滿生機,因為我們是我們兄弟的守護者( 創4:9) !我們有能力守護他們,因為我們不但是「活石 」 (伯前2:5) ,更是「聖神的宮殿 」 (格前6:9) 。有基督和聖神在我們內,何愁沒有能力使四周事物,再次充滿生機呢?讓我們繼續努力,在來年做一個「希望的傳承者 」 ,亞孟。
天主保祐!


2014年反省
圖片鳴謝: grok.com

Sunday, 5 October 2025

無用的僕人是有福的 Blessed Are the Unprofitable Servants



常年期第廿七主日,丙年
主題:無用的僕人是有福的 Blessed Are the Unprofitable Servants

被「原罪」傷害過的人性,總會杯弓蛇影。為了自保,動不動便會啟動防禦機制來應付危機:例如躲藏、逃跑、否認、推卸責任和埋怨等等。認真地面對挫折,檢討失敗,實在非常費力!其實我們不用這樣費力,徒勞無功。請聆聽在今天的第一篇讀經,哈巴谷先知傳達天主的啟示時是怎樣說的。「看,心術不正的,必然消逝;義人必因他的信賴而生活」(哈2:4)。天主是公義的,賞善罰惡的,所以先知把「心術不正的」與「義人」對比,即是「惡人」與「善人」的對比;「消逝」與「生活」對比,就是「在地獄受懲罰」和「在天堂永享福樂」的對比。至於「信賴」是信賴甚麼呢?當然是信賴上主天主,因為只有祂是全能、全知和永恆的。天主的要求並不高,只要「信賴」祂就可以上天堂!試問相信天主有何難呢?倘若真的是難,難在那裡呢?

執事我覺得困難在於能否掌握到自己與天主的關係!我們是天主所創造的受造物,你接受嗎?現代科學昌明,可能是「驕傲」在作祟罷,很多人寧願相信人類是由大猩猩進化而來,也不願意相信有天主存在,遑論承認是天主創造我們呢?
聖經說「天主按自己的肖像創造了人類」(創1:26),你接受自己是天主的肖像嗎?如果不接受的話,你有可能是缺乏自信心,覺得自己不堪當。但在不可不接受的情況下,例如當很多人知道你是天主教徒的時候,你可能會做一些補救來加強自己的信心!例如,以往修院裡尚未領受任何職務的修生,已開始配帶「羅馬領帶」,如同神父主教一樣!至於終身執事,除了探監和探醫院外,就不用配帶。為甚麼呢?可能是為了加強修生們的信心罷!至於終身執事,他們都是成熟的信徒,不用加強他們的信心了!事實上有些探監的神父,也沒有配帶羅馬領帶,所以配帶羅馬領帶,未必方便監獄或醫院的職員,識別你是否專職教士。因為進入監獄或醫院服務時,大閘職員看的是你的證件,而不是你的羅馬領帶…請注意,即使這些雞毛蒜皮的小事背後,一定有更複雜的因素。因此,執事在這裡提醒大家,切忌隨便找個簡化了的理由,當作真理的全部!

回到「天主肖像」的問題去,它的重點不在於你堪當或不堪當,而在於你能否接受那些你不喜歡的人,也是按天主的肖像造出來的!要知道天主喜愛我們,因為我們是祂的傑作,是祂的肖像;祂不願意看見自己的傑作喪亡(則18:32)。祂對自己的肖像滿懷信心,充滿希望,非常有耐性地幫助罪人回頭悔改!至於你,將來在天國的婚宴上,你能與你不喜愛的人同席嗎?即是說,在今世,你能愛你的仇人嗎?不要忘記,他們是天主的肖像;你能為迫害你的人祈禱(瑪5:44)嗎?他們也是天主的肖像!

其實,自覺缺乏信心而作出補救是不必要的,因為天主並沒有訂下,信德達到甚麼級數纔可以得救的標準!既然沒有標準,那麼,不是多多益善嗎?錯!今天的福音告訴我們,宗徒們求主耶穌增加他們的信德(路17:5),主耶穌說了甚麼?有像芥子那樣大的信德就足夠了(17:6)!為甚麼呢?因為我們只要相信「天主自會照顧」(創22:8)便足夠了,因為祂最知道我們需要甚麼(瑪6:32b; 路12:30b)。我們不須要花費精力設計如何開源節流,如何公平地分配資源,如何按緩急先後安排物流,訂立應急、應變的後備方案等等,這些都是外邦人所關心的(瑪6:32a; 路12:30a)。至於我們,我們反而應該辨別現在所做的,是否附合天主的旨意!

天主的旨意是甚麼呢?保祿宗徒曾說過,愛德比信德更重要,「現今存在的,有信、望、愛這三樣,但其中最大的是愛」(格前13:13)。前面已說過,主耶穌要求我們愛那些不可愛的人、仇人和迫害我們的人(瑪5:44),往後更在「公審判」的比喻中,教導我們向貧困者、弱小者伸出援手(25:40)。毫無疑問,天主的旨意要求我們行愛德,與其他的天主肖像共融合一,團結合作,在地上建設天國。

試想像當我們有很強大的信德時、充滿自信時、穩操勝券時,會發生甚麼事?我們會得意忘形,自我膨脹。我們會喧賓奪主,忘記了我們祗是管家而不是主人;忘記了我們的一切,包括健康、智慧、財富、權勢和成就等等,都是天主的恩賜。所以,耶穌基督在今天的福音裡,說了幾句逆耳的忠言,提醒我們,「你們也是這樣,既做完吩咐你們的一切,仍然要說:我們是無用的僕人,我們不過做了我們應做的事」(路17:10)!你覺得氣憤嗎?不服氣嗎?倘若你回答:「」,請問你把謙遜放到哪(瑪11:29-30)? 請留意,我們「做完吩咐你們的一切」,天主尚且這樣對待我們。那麼,運用天賜的財富權勢,做了不是天主旨意的事時,天主又會如何處置我們呢?所以執事我在上面提醒大家,「我們反而應該辨別現在所做的,是否附合天主的旨意」,是否履行愛德?

親愛的兄弟姊妹,今天和大家默想了天主與我們關係中的其中三方面。第一:造物主與受造物的關係;其中要克服的困難,是我們的「驕傲」,因為我們拒絕接受自己是有限的受造物。第二:天主與自己肖像的關係;其中的困難,是我們未能有如天父那麼慈悲,仁慈地對待忘恩負義的人(路6:35-37)。第三是主僕的關係;其中的困難,又是驕傲,它阻礙了我們投靠上主天主。能夠成功地在上主天主面前,做到一個「無用的僕人」的人,真是有福。不要以為主人刻薄,替他工作完還要承認自己是個「無用的僕人」。因為天主子耶穌基督承諾了,到末日,「主人要束上腰,請他們坐席,自己前來伺候他們」(12:37,常年期19主日)! 亞孟。
天主保祐!


2022反省
圖片鳴謝:grok.com

Sunday, 11 May 2025

羔羊是善牧 The Lamb Shepherds

復活期第四主日,丙年
主題:羔羊是善牧 The Lamb Shepherds

今天選讀的福音很短,倘若我們不知其上文下理,很容易會穿鑿附會,錯解經文,所以我們須要認識這段經文的背景。若望宗徒以福音的整篇第十章,論述了天主子耶穌基督是世人的「善牧」,可見「善牧」的重要性。「牧羊人」這個觀念,由來已久。聖祖是逐水土而居的遊牧民族,對牧羊人一點也不會陌生。離開埃及進入天主預許的福地,即客納罕之後,經歷「民長時代」進入「君王時代」,天主挑選了一個「隨祂心意」的牧羊人達味,取代撒烏耳成為以色列國的第二任君王(撒上13:14)。他團結了十二支派,使以色列國在客納罕地開始壯大。到他的兒子撒羅滿繼位後,憑智慧和政治手腕,把國力推到顛峰,以色列國得以長治久安。天主起用一個「隨祂心意」的牧羊人(耶3:15)做君王,預示了在末世,天主子要以「善牧」的身份,領導和管治天主的國。後來的當權者,相信自己多於相信天主,結果被權力腐化了他們的心,以色列國也分裂了。在撒羅滿之後的「君王時代」,先知們諷刺地採用了「牧羊人」來象徵朝廷裡的貪官污吏,甚至君王,(依56:11; 耶23:1-2; 則34:23);警告他們說,天主要懲罰不稱職的牧者,並且要親自來牧放自己的羊群(依40:11; 耶23:4; 則34:15-16)。

有一點是值得大家注意的,天主親自牧放自己的羊群,除了「尋找、包紮、療養和看守」外,祂更要「按正義牧放他們」(34:16),並且要「在肥羊與瘦羊之間施行審判」(34:20)!所以不要自欺欺人,妄想地獄並不存在;或者地獄即使存在,慈悲的天主會清空它云云!的確,天主是慈悲的;但任何「地獄不空,誓不成佛」之類的話,祇不過是一時的豪情壯語,絕不能當作真理看待;至於會否清空地獄,還有很多其他因素影響。天主的思維,人無從理解;況且,即使「祂的愚妄總比人明智」(格前1:25a)。所以不可輕視天主所預告的審判!而且,天主子耶穌基督在祂受難前宣講的末世言論中,最後講的比喻正是綿羊與山羊之間的審判。天主子不但向猶太人講這個審判,更是向古今中外的人類講;對曾經聽過福音,或者沒有機會聽過耶穌生平言行的人講。為了對全人類公平,審判並沒有要求領洗、祈禱和領聖事等等,而是按天主所賜予的良心,作最低的要求。天主子甚至事先張揚了六條「考試」題目,祇要良心未泯,還有少許惻隱之心的人,總可以在天堂爭取到一席位(瑪25:40)!天主並不要求我們做驚天動地的事,祂祇要求我們去愛那些最少兄弟中的一個!祂定下如此低的門檻,誰還可以投訴天主不公義、不慈悲呢?

天主按自己的肖像創造了我們(創1:26),所以祂尊重我們的自由意志。雖然祂慈悲,但祂絕不會強迫我們相信祂,我們有自由拒絕祂的慈愛!今天的第一篇讀經記載了猶太人出於妒忌,反對保祿所宣講的耶穌基督,並加以辱罵(宗13:45);最後還把保祿和巴爾納伯驅逐出境。天主的審判在哪?就在他們「斷定自己不配得永生」(13:47)。所以,用不著天主來施行審判,是邪惡的人自己判斷了自己不配得永生!
回到今天福音的上文,猶太人在耶路撒冷慶祝「重建節」時,耶穌也來慶祝聖殿的重光。猶太人圍起祂來,追問祂,迫耶穌公開宣布祂是否默西亞!這是對耶穌一個很大的誘惑/挑戰,耶穌基督固然是默西亞,而且天主子是不能說謊的。但耶穌知道,那個時刻不是公開自己是默西亞的時候,因為宗徒們還沒有充足的準備。倘若祂現在公開宣布自己是默西亞,羅馬政權一定會來通緝祂,並且把宗徒們一網打盡。所以耶穌答覆說:「我已告訴了你們,你們卻不相信;我以我父的名所作的工作,為我作證,但你們還是不信,因為你們不是屬於我的羊」(若10:25)。的確,耶穌曾向他們宣講天父的慈悲和寬恕,並且行神跡加以證明;但他們心硬,仍不相信,還來迫害耶穌。他們已經自己審判了自己。到這裡,耶穌開始講述今天的福音片段,講述怎麼樣的羊,纔是屬於祂的,屬於天國的。

耶穌說:「我的羊聽我的聲音,我也認識他們,他們也跟隨我」(10:27)。耶穌在公開傳道的時候,並沒有排除任何群組,但不是所有聽眾都接受耶穌的教訓。正如依撒意亞蒙召時,天主對他說:「你去對這民族說:你們聽是聽,但不明白;看是看,卻不理解」(依6:9)。為甚麼會這樣呢?儒家思想可以提供一點線索!相信大家也曾聽過,甚至用過「心不在焉」來描述一些不用心做事的人。原文是:「心不在焉!視而不見,聽而不聞,食而不知其味」(禮記‧大學)。這段文字與天主的話語竟然有如此吻合之處,真是令人驚訝。而且《禮記》一針見血地指出問題的核心所在:就是「心不在焉」。其實耶穌也曾強調「心」的重要性,祂說:「你們的寶藏在那裡,你們的心也必在那裡」(瑪6:21; 路12:34)。耶穌所說的「寶藏」,就是永生。因此,「心」是獲得救恩,獲得永生的關鍵所在。可是在群眾中,有人覺得耶穌的教訓,並不符合他們的期望。例如那些憑專業知識吞沒寡婦家產的法學士、那些自以為是,喜歡受人敬拜的法利塞人、那些覺得耶穌正在威脅著自己地位的人等等。他們的心追求財富、虛榮和權勢,這是他們的「寶藏」。他們把「心」放到那裡去,所以他們拒絕耶穌,甚至想盡辦法去陷害祂!結果反而在審判自己,斷定自己不配得永生!

耶穌在『真福八端』曾傳授給我們「正心,修心」的秘訣:就是神貧、哀慟、溫良、渴求天主的救贖、一心一意尋覓天主、對人慈悲、締造和平;並且無懼犧牲小我,完成大我(瑪5:3-10)。這樣,我們便能安心地完全把自己交託在天主的手中,便能聽到祂的聲音,接受祂,並且樂意跟隨這位帶領我們獲得永生的「善牧」。今世的掌權者用錯了方法來統治人民,他們恃強凌弱,認為「槍桿子出政權」,擁有強大殺傷力武器,纔能鎮壓叛亂,保證和平!殊不知這些暴力,祇能傷害肉體,卻不能贏取心靈。相反,耶穌的溫良和善,為祂贏取了無數的跟隨者,甚至殉道者。因為天主子自願捨棄了自己的生命,成為真正的「逾越節羔羊」,一次而永遠地把世人的罪債一筆鈎銷!正如今天第二篇讀經所描述的:「那在寶座中間的羔羊要牧放他們,要領他們至生命的水泉那;天主也要從他們的眼上拭去一切淚痕」(默7:17)。牧放羊群的是羔羊,不是萬獸之王!

親愛的讀者,感謝天主,樞機團剛選出了新一任的聖伯多祿繼承人,良十四世。願天主聖神帶領他,鼓舞他,以善牧的風範,牧放天主的子民。今天又是「聖召主日」,讓我們祈求天主聖神,感召更多青年男女,以犧牲小我,完成大我的精神,慷慨回應,獻身為天主的羊群服務。不要忘記在我們身邊的母親們,她們都是活生生的「善牧」,她們犧牲了自己的事業、精神、健康和時間,使子女活出更豐盛的生命。願天父豐厚地降福她們,報答她們。亞孟。
天主保祐!


2022年反省
圖片鳴謝:ideogram.ai

Sunday, 6 April 2025

基督是希望的緣由 Christ Is the Reason for Our Hope

四旬期第五主日,丙年
主題:基督是希望的緣由 Christ Is the Reason for Our Hope

「人獨處不好」(創2:18)是不爭的現實,即使是長期獨居的人,也必須遵守一些紀律,做對自己有益的事,否則便會陷入困境,甚至自取滅亡。獨居的人須要紀律,群居的人更加須要法律,公平地調解因群居所引起的資源分配上的糾紛。而且,一個人的能力有限,始終不及一個有規有矩地分工合作的團體的力量。所以說:「安息日是為人立的,並不是人為了安息日」(谷2:27)。但令人痛心疾首的,是擁有指揮權力的一少撮人,為了一己的虛榮或私利,濫用法律去搜刮民脂民膏,或者排除異己!

另一方面,天主以愛創造了可見的宇宙,讓祂以自己肖像所創造的人類,在那裡安居樂業,成長發展。可惜人類濫用了天主的恩寵,叛逆了造物主,陷入了不能自拔,萬劫不復的境地。出於對人類的憐愛,天主先與人類的代表以色列百姓訂立盟約,約束自己不可消滅人類;並賜給人類法律,指導他們重度充滿恩寵和喜樂的生活。另一方面,天主子親自降生成人,以受難死亡的方式,償還古往今來人類累積了的罪債。天主曾透過祂的代言人表述了祂的初心,說:「因為我不喜歡任何人喪亡─吾主上主的斷語─你們回心轉意罷!你們必得生存!」(則18:32)。若望宗徒經過半個世紀的默想後,寫下了以下的名句:「天主竟這樣愛了世界,甚至賜下了自己的獨生子,使凡信祂的人不至喪亡,反而獲得永生」(若3:16)。耶穌基督自己也清楚地表述自己的任務:「我不是為審判世界而來,乃是為拯救世界」(12:47b)。今天福音的故事,清晰地表述了天主子如何展示出天主對罪人的憐愛。

事緣在「帳棚節」─猶太人必須前往耶路撒冷朝聖的三大節日之一,還有「逾越節」和「五旬節」─耶穌趁朝聖人數眾多,便前往聖殿施教。今次的施教重點,在講論自己與天父的關係,和對遵守法律的不同態度。例如,梅瑟法律規定了「割損禮」,作為天主與以色列人之間的盟約標記(創17:11);也規定了「安息日」是聖日,不可做任何工作(出20:10)。法利塞人為了滿全梅瑟的法律,即使在安息日也給人行割損禮(若7:23a)。但耶穌在安息日治病,使病人恢復健康,他們卻指控耶穌不守安息日(7:23b)!可見,耶穌不守法律是為人的益處,而法利塞人卻以法律來滿足自己的私利,排除異己!就在這個時候,「經師和法利塞人帶來了一個犯姦淫時被捉住的婦人,叫她站在中間」(8:3)。他們並不關心公義,或者那個犯姦淫婦人的死活;他們想利用這件案件,攻擊耶穌,陷耶穌在兩難中(8:4-6a)。倘若耶穌維持祂一貫的慈悲教導,祂便成為了反對梅瑟法律的人;倘若耶穌同意用石頭砸死這個淫婦,便自打嘴巴,說一套、做一套,往後便再不能服眾了,法利塞人便可以重奪在百姓心目中的地位!

福音說:「…耶穌卻彎下身去,用指頭在地上畫字」(8:6b)。福音沒有說耶穌在畫甚麼,留給了後世的讀者不少猜想的空間。但有一點是值得我們注意的,就是耶穌基督的沉默。【聖經】所描述的天主,絕對不是一個沉默的天主;即使不在地動山搖,雷霆雲霧之中發言,祂總會找代言人為祂傳遞訊息。但在現實世界裡,我們體會到的是另一回事。所以不少人對天主的沉默,發表意見。例如日本作家遠藤周作以日本基督徒面對幕府的鎮壓迫害時,天主沉默地沒有半點救助為題,寫了一本名為《沉默》的小說,後來製片商還拍攝過最少兩部同名的電影。身為天主子的耶穌基督,也有他沉默的時間,最明顯的,就是祂在十字架上三小時以上的受苦,即福音所說的「第六時辰到第九時辰」,祇說過不超過三分鐘的「架上七言」!即是說,當天主父,或者天主子耶穌基督在沉默的時候,祂可能在承擔著世人的罪過!

你知道那些病人是最難醫治呢?就是認為自己沒有病的人!作為人靈的良醫,耶穌基督要面對各式各樣的罪人。今天在祂面前的,是一個公開的罪人,那個淫婦;和一批隱藏的罪人,那些自以為義的「經師和法利塞人」。相信拯救那個淫婦並不難,經過這一次險死還生的遭遇,她還再敢犯姦淫嗎?今次她幸運遇上耶穌,下一次她未必再有機會了!但主耶穌可以怎樣醫治那些生活在有保障的環境中的經師和法利塞人的靈魂呢?倘若單憑一句「你們中間誰沒有罪,先向她投石罷」(8:7b),以理服人,說服到這班隱藏罪人放棄針對耶穌,世上何來那麼多沒有理性的紛爭呢?事實上,按梅瑟法律,「見證人應先下手,然後眾人纔下手將他處死」(申17:7a);但法律並沒有要求那些投石的人「沒有罪」(22:20-25)。很明顯 ,天主子意圖改變遊戲規則,把「見證人」改成為「無罪的人」。這條件實在太苛刻了,即使不是法律專家,也會不服!落後的法律體系,大多不接受娼妓或同性戀者的見證,認為他們不道德,不可信;但往往他們都是受害人。所以進步的法律體系,會有一些如「同性戀非刑事化條例」,改善這些「不道德的人」應有的權利!因此,令經師和法利塞人放棄用石頭砸死那淫婦的,應該不是耶穌基督的這句至理名言。那會是甚麼呢?

是耶穌基督在地上寫出每個控訴者的罪(若8:6b, 8),使他們知難而退嗎?不對,因為祇有耶穌一個人知道,而一個人的見證在梅瑟法律下,是無效的!我反而覺得是上面提及的,耶穌基督的沉默,奧妙地拯救了這些隱藏罪人的靈魂!耶穌基督絕對知道,人類單憑理性,是沒有能力「知善惡」的。惟有動之以情,讓他們感受到天父的慈悲,他們纔會悔改。具體地如何實行,是一個奧秘,將來有機會纔問耶穌。或許,耶穌基督把自己的受難過程,預先啟示了給他們,讓他們隱若感受到,向淫婦投的每一塊石頭,就是打在祂身上的一記鞭笞…這批經師和法利塞人,放下石頭,放棄砸死淫婦,放棄攻擊耶穌,回頭是岸,真是有福的人,令人羨慕。

親愛的讀者,淫婦在這個故事中,處於弱勢,耶穌基督憐憫她,看來是理所當然。但大家有沒有想到,天主子竟然憐憫那些意圖傷害祂的人!這些經師和法利塞人的遭遇,令我們對天主的慈悲更有信心。因著主基督,我們的救贖,更有希望。亞孟。
天主保祐!

2022年反省
圖片鳴謝: CoPilot, ideogram.ai

Saturday, 29 March 2025

基督徒的希望 The Hope of Christians

【失望/希望系列(六)】
基督徒的希望(路18:9-14)

我們所信仰的天主,是一個鋤強扶弱的天主,祂喜歡為受苦和被欺負的人出頭。法律書《申命紀》和先知書記載了天主憐愛猶太人的原因。法律書這樣寫:「上主喜愛你們,揀選你們,並不是因為你們比其餘的民族人數眾多;其實你們在所有的民族中,是最少的一個;而是由於上主對你們的愛,並為履行祂向你們祖先所起的誓…」(申7:7-8a)。厄則克耳先知用一個比喻說出以色列是上主的淨配:「當你出生時…沒有一個人憐視你…我從你身旁經過時,見你輾轉在血污中…我又經過你身旁時,看見了你…我就向你展開了我的衣襟,遮蓋了你的裸體,也向你發了誓,立了約─吾主上主的斷語─你遂成了我的…你的名聲傳遍了萬國;因我用我的飾物點綴了你,你纔如此美麗無瑕」(則16:3-14)。我們在星期三的默想中,已經認識到法律和先知是【舊約】的根基。可以看到,即使是猶太教,也認識到是上主天主先憐愛了我們,我們纔享受到今日的富貴與平安。

到了【新約】時代,保祿宗徒曾以諷刺的口吻,勸勉門徒避免「自以為是」的傾向。「弟兄們!你們看看你們是怎樣蒙召的:按肉眼來看,你們中有智慧的人並不多,有權勢的人也不多,顯貴的人也不多;天主偏召選了世上愚妄的,為羞辱那有智慧的;召選了世上懦弱的,為羞辱那堅強的;甚而天主召選了世上卑賤的和受人輕視的,以及那些一無所有的,為消滅那些有的」(格前1:26-28)。言下之意,宗徒警告那些聰明和有財有勢的人,自以為是便會站在天主的對立面,最後祇會一敗塗地!路加是保祿的門徒,今天他以一個比喻,做出一個強烈的對比。當中的教訓,不言而喻。耶穌基督在〔真福八端〕也指出神貧、哀慟、溫良、飢渴、對天主專一的人和被迫害的人是蒙受祝福的(瑪5:3-10)。

親愛的讀者,生活在【新約】的我們,信仰條件比【舊約】更優勝。倘若猶太人也有得救的希望,我們的蒙福的希望不是更高、更肯定的嗎?所以我們應該喜樂。明天是「喜樂主日」,四旬期已過了一半。讓我們收拾心情,向更崇高的「望德」邁進。亞孟。
天主保祐!


生命恩泉
圖片鳴謝:ideogram.ai

Disappointment & Hope Series (VI)
The Hope of Christians (Luke 18:9-14)

The God whom we believe in is a God who helps the weak to defeat the strong. He likes to advocate for those who suffer and are abused. The Torah, in particular the book of Deuteronomy, and the Prophets tell us the reason why God has mercy on the Jews. The Torah says, “It was not because you are more numerous than all the peoples that the LORD set His heart on you and chose you; for you are really the smallest of all peoples. It was because the LORD loved you and because of His fidelity to the oath He had sworn to your ancestors …” (Deuteronomy 7:7-8a). Ezekiel the prophet uses a parable to tell us that Israel is the spouse of the LORD, “On the day you were born … No eye looked on you with pity or compassion … Then I passed by and saw you struggling in your blood … I passed by you again and saw that … So I spread the corner of my cloak over you to cover your nakedness; I swore an oath to you and entered into covenant with you --- oracle of the LORD --- and you became mine … You were renowned among the nations for your beauty, perfected by the splendour I showered on you” (Ezekiel 16:4-14). In our meditation on Wednesday, we know that Torah and Prophets are the foundation of the Old Testament. Thus, even Judaism knows that the LORD God has mercy on us so that we are able to enjoy prosperity and peace today.

In New Testament times, Paul the apostle writes in a sarcastic tone to Christians, encouraging them to avoid the tendency of self-righteousness. “Consider your own calling, brothers. Not many of you were wise by human standards, not many were powerful; not many were of noble birth. Rather, God chose the foolish of the world to shame the wise, and God chose the weak of the world to shame the strong, and God chose the lowly and despised of the world, those who count for nothing, to reduce to nothing those who are something” (1 Corinthians 1:26-28). In other words, the apostle warns those who are wise, rich and powerful of the world that being self-righteous shall put themselves opposite God and shall be defeated! Luke is a disciple of Paul. Today, Luke puts the same teaching vividly in a parable contrasting between self-righteousness and humility. Similarly in the Beatitudes, Jesus Christ points out that blessed are the poor, the mournful, the meek, the hungered, the one-minded and the persecuted (Matthew 6:3-10).

Beloved readers! Living in the age of the New Testament, we are at an advantage over the Old Testament in terms of religious milieu. If Jews have hope of salvation, should our hope of blessedness not be higher and more certain? Tomorrow is Laetare Sunday and we are half-way through the Lenten Season. Let us focus and scale greater height of HOPE. Amen.
God bless!

Sunday, 16 March 2025

聽從甚麼?Listen To What?

四旬期第二主日,丙年
主題:聽從甚麼?

我們經常慨嘆天意難料,其實,想知道天主的旨意並不難。【聖經】記載了天主的說話,尤其是《福音》。《福音》記載了天主子耶穌基督的言行,所以當我們聆聽《福音》時,就是聆聽天主向我們說話;默想《福音》時,就是學習聖母瑪利亞的榜樣,把天主的說話,「默存心中,反覆思想」(路2:19; 2:51)。今天的福音記載了天父對三位宗徒說話,亦即對後世的我們說話:「這是我的兒子,我所揀選的,你們要聽從祂!」(9:35)究竟是聽從耶穌基督的甚麼呢?今天福音的第一句說:講了這些道理以後…」(9:28),要自己耶穌基督講了那些道理,除非你們有過目不忘的記憶力,否則我們必須翻查之前的經文。

按時序,耶穌基督已經公開宣講天國的福音超過兩年。下一個階段的使命,便是前往耶路撒冷受難。祂已經組織和訓練了十二宗徒,在祂升天後繼續祂在世上,未完成的建樹天國工程。這個12人班底,需要一個領導人。於是在五餅二魚神蹟後,正是最多人跟隨祂的時候,耶穌基督向十二宗徒提出一個簡單的民意調查,看看這兩年多的傳教工作,究竟在群眾心目中,有甚麼成果?主問他們說:「眾人說我是誰?」(9:18)。其實這祇是引起動機,好戲在後頭。當宗徒們七嘴八舌回答時,主耶穌提出一條更尖銳的問題:「但你們說我是誰呢?」(9:20a)這一問,祇有伯多祿敢回應:「天主的受傅者」(9:20b)。就這樣,耶穌基督肯定了伯多祿成為宗徒之長的地位,祂要把自己的教會,建築在這塊「伯多祿/磐石」之上(瑪16:18)。然後,祂第一次透露祂的受難計劃,並講述如何跟隨祂的道理。這就是天父要求我們聽從的道理。

首先是祂的受難計劃。耶穌說:「人子必須受許多苦,被長老、司祭長和經師們棄絕,並且要被殺;但第三天必要復活」(路9:22)。我們知道,「人子」是耶穌自己。祂「必須」受苦,甚至要被殺,這是祂自己的選擇,;不過,我們無權過問,但任何人的選擇,總會或多或少地影響四周的人,何況是天主子的抉擇呢?且看,「被長老、司祭長和經師們棄絕」,對追隨祂的人,影響就非常嚴重了。試想一想,倘若沒有那些猶太公議會中的權貴認受,耶穌怎能成為「天主的受傅者」,成為「基督」呢?群眾對默西亞的期望要落空,宗徒們捨棄一切去跟隨耶穌,豈不是徒勞無功?至於「復活」,要知道耶穌時代的人,對「復活」的認知非常有限;祇有厄里叟復活叔能婦人兒子的故事(列下4:8-37),和厄則克耳先知枯骨復生的神視(則37:1-14)。厄則克耳的神視,不知何時兌現;但倘若耶穌死了,何來厄里叟去復活祂呢?所以,十二宗徒想明白耶穌的受難計劃,是相當困難的。耶穌惟有在八日後,把復活的光榮顯示給─不是全部十二人─而是三位入室弟子:一個是教會的磐石(瑪16:18),一個是十二宗徒中的第一位殉道者(宗12:2),最後一個是「主所愛的門徒」(若13:23)。耶穌並不期望「顯聖容」可以令他們對祂的受難計劃有信心,而是讓他們體驗復活的光榮,加強他們對復活的希望。請記住,天主尊重人的自由,不會強迫世人相信祂。

但為甚麼天主要選擇一個既痛苦而又低效率的方法,來拯救人類呢?經過多年來的默想和反省,若望宗徒總結了一句說話:「天主是愛」(若一4:8)!天主是絕對美善的,祂的愛是最純粹,最無私的;因此是外向的,利他的,沒有半點為自己著想的。出於愛,天主創造了一個適合人類生存和進化的宇宙,把按祂的肖像所造成的人類,安置其中生活。所以愛是充滿生機,充滿生命力的。人類犯了罪,失掉了天主的光榮(羅3:23),不能自救。祂憐憫我們,便派遣祂的惟一聖子降生成人,受難犧牲,替全人類償還所有罪債;並由死者中復活,賜給人類永恆的生命。天主所做的一切,都是出於祂愛的本質。人類是天主按自己的肖像所造,所以人類懂得愛。可惜在被罪惡所污染的世界中打滾,人類的愛變得自私自利,不再像天主的愛那麼純粹了。但我們不會忘記愛的外向和利他本質。是愛給予我們忍耐痛苦的力量,渡過困難的際遇。所以愛是可信靠的,愛給人帶來希望。

金錢財富可信賴嗎?不可,因為它們不會愛你!可以把希望寄托在名譽權勢嗎?不可,因為它們不會愛你!誰愛你?首先是帶你來到世上的父母。即使為了種種原因,你變得不可愛,或者他們不能愛你,捨棄你,天主卻會收留你(詠27:10; 若9:20-23)。今天答唱詠的最後一句,非常有意思:「我深信在此活人地區,定會享見上主的幸福。你要鼓起勇氣,期望上主!你要振作精神,期望上主!」(詠27:13-14)。

親愛的讀者,所以世上有不少愛你的人:你的父母、兄弟姊妹、親友恩人、同事和配偶等,他們都是天主所賞賜的幸福,我們都可以把希望寄托在他們身上。即使這一切都失去了,還有那永恆的天主愛你。所以把希望寄托在上主吧,因為祂愛了我們。禧年四旬期第二周的主題是:「希望由愛而生」。讓我們繼續做「希望的朝聖者」,用愛心接待所有的人,帶給他們希望。亞孟。
天主保祐!

2022反省
圖片鳴謝:ideogram.ai

Sunday, 2 March 2025

天主對我們滿懷希望 God Puts His Hope On Us

常年期第八主日,丙年
主題:天主對我們滿懷希望 God Puts His Hope On Us

今天福音的內容很豐富,且讓我們慢慢品嚐。
一開始,耶穌說了一個顯而易見的比喻:「瞎子豈能給瞎子領路?不是兩人都要跌在坑裡嗎?」(路6:39) 但接著,祂又說:「沒有徒弟勝過師父,凡受過完備教育的,僅相似自己的師父而已。」(6:40)這兩句經文有甚麼關聯呢?倘若「沒有徒弟勝過師父」,何來「青出於藍」,人類文明又何以進步呢?除非,這位師父是「天主子、默西亞」(瑪23:10)。是的,耶穌基督是我們的導師,我們是祂的追隨者,能相似祂是我們畢生追求的目標!那麼,按上文下理推斷,一個瞎子給其他瞎子領路,是指師徒的關係了,卻是一個不理想的師徒關係,即孟子所說的「人之患,在好為人師」(孟子‧離婁上)的情況。自己是門外漢,卻喜歡在眾人面前說三道四,指手劃腳,滿足自己的虛榮!

那些不學無術的人,破壞力有限;但「專家」可不同了,他們對社會國家的影響之大,不容忽視!所以耶穌宣講這番教訓,是針對當代的「專家」說的。這班「專家」是誰?耶穌在跟著的「眼中大樑和木屑」言論中(路6:41-42),稱他們為「假善人」,他們的身份,呼之欲出!
是的,法利塞人曾是以色列人的民族英雄,他們在充軍巴比倫的時候,編纂了《希伯來經典》,重塑以色列人是「天主選民」的身份,安穩了亡國奴的心靈,對上主天主重新燃起幫助他們復國的希望。天主並沒有令他們失望,充軍五十年後,波斯王居魯士成為了他們的默西亞(依45:1),解放他們回國,重建被毀的聖殿。時移勢易,這些民族英雄中,部份人漸漸忘記了自己是「以色列師傅」(若3:10)的使命而淪為「法律專家」、「法學士」、「經師」,甚至以法律的專業知識,謀取私利,並用來迫害耶穌!耶穌以「瞎子」來形容他們,的確恰當!耶穌基督並沒有拒絕法利塞人,祂說:「假善人啊!先取出你眼中的大樑,然後纔看得清楚,以便取出你兄弟眼中的木屑」(路6:42b),仍然指望他們能履行「以色列師傅」的使命,讓猶太人能憑遵守梅瑟法律而得救。引而申之,耶穌基督並不要求我們成為完美無缺的聖人之後,纔去啟導別人,向外教徒宣講福音。祂要求我們認真面對自己的不善之處,謙遜地加以改進,「先取出你眼中的大樑」,便可以成為「師傅」,有效地啟導未奉教的人。

人與人之間的溝通,總離不開說話。今天的第一篇讀經,是古人對我們說話,留給後世的智慧和忠告:「篩篩子,總留下一些渣滓;人的言談,也總有些不乾不淨」(德27:5)。人不是天主,不能像天主一樣,「言出必行」(則17:24; 22:14; 24:14; 36:36)。怎樣判斷「乾淨與否」呢?簡單地說,就是「聽其言而觀其行」。孔子說:「視其所以,觀其所由,察其所安,人焉廋哉?人焉廋哉?」(論語‧為政)就是說,我們聆聽一個人的說話,要審視他的動機、觀察他的行為、了解他的態度,他就無所遁形了!有誰不喜歡聽甜言蜜語、奉承的話呢?但不少人為了達到目的,不惜搬弄是非、挑撥離間…難怪不少人墮入「電話騙案」,我們能不小心辨別嗎?

親愛的兄弟姊妹,退一步想,天主是眾人的大父,人類是祂按自己肖像所創造的傑作。人類雖然不幸墮落了,失去了祂的光榮和恩寵(羅3:23),但祂是多麼渴望所有人的得救(則18:32; 弟前2:4)。既然祂對我們滿懷希望,正如耶穌基督對法利塞人滿懷希望一樣。所以在這「望德禧年」,讓我們以希望的朝聖者身份,耐心地接待所接觸到的人,散發出天主對眾人的希望,亞孟。
天主保祐!


2022年默想
Picture Credit: dreamstime.com, catholicpreaching.com

Sunday, 9 February 2025

Awakening 覺今是而昨非

Fifth Ordinary Sunday, Year C
Theme: Awakening 覺今是而昨非

As a spokesperson of God, a prophet cannot speak on his own without having received instructions from God first. Logically, God calls a prophet and sends him to proclaim His will. In fact, many books of the prophets begin with the narration of how God’s words/visions came to the prophets. For example, “The word of the LORD came to him [Jeremiah] in the days of Josiah, son of Amon, king of Judah, in the thirteenth year of his reign” (Jeremiah 1:2). “In the thirtieth year, on the fifth day of the fourth month, while I was among the exiles by the river Chebar, the heavens opened, and I saw divine visions” (Ezekiel 1:1). “The word of the LORD that came to Hosea son of Beeri, in the days …” (Hosea 1:1). Isaiah seems not to be of much difference. The book begins, “The vision which Isaiah, son of Amoz, saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz and Hezekiah, kings of Judah” (Isaiah 1:1). He was just one of the prophets in the south, so we think. Naturally, Isaiah speaks highly of Jerusalem and Sion. For example, we find this text “Many peoples shall come and say: Come, let us go up to the LORD’s mountain, to the house of the God of Jacob, that He may instruct us in His ways, and we may walk in His paths. For from Zion shall go forth instruction, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem” (2:3c).

But Isaiah is no ordinary prophet in the south. Today, we find yet another narrative of the call of Isaiah, which seems to overturn, to renounce his previous mission. Isaiah confesses, “Woe is me, I am doomed! For I am a man of unclean lips, living among a people of unclean lips, and my eyes have seen the King, the LORD of hosts” (6:5). Even if the Israelites were “a people of unclean lips”, how could Isaiah renounce the words of God which he had previously proclaimed to the rebellious Israelites? Besides trumpeting the glory of Israel, a propaganda of the supremacy of Jacob over all peoples, does not the “For from Zion shall go forth instruction, and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem” show God’s love to Jacob and through Jacob His blessing to humanity? Isaiah was not advocating nationalism but manifesting God’s will. In fact, Jesus quoted Isaiah’s Song of the Vineyard in His Parable of Wicked Tenants, “A man planted a vineyard, put a hedge around it, dug a wine press and built a tower …” (Matthew 21:33; Mark 12:1; Isaiah 5:1-2a). So, when Isaiah says that he was a man of unclean lips, he could not be denying God nor negating his former mission. I would suggest Isaiah was undergoing a new awakening of his mission as a prophet. The conversion of Saul to Paul might shed light on a better understanding of Isaiah’s lament.

The second reading today tells Saul’s story forcefully in one single verse, “For I am the least of the apostles, not fit to be called an apostle, because I persecuted the church of God” (1 Corinthians 15:9). Saul encountered the risen Jesus on the way to Damascus (Acts 9:5). Later, he became a fervent missionary and changed his name to Paul (13:9). During his preaching of the risen Christ in cities around the Mediterranean Sea, many overseas Jews opposed him. So, when he returned to Jerusalem, the local Jews intended to kill him. Let us listen to how Paul presented himself before the Jews in Jerusalem, “I am a Jew, born in Tarsus in Cilicia, but brought up in this city [Jerusalem]. At the feet of Gamaliel I was educated strictly in our ancestral law and was zealous for God, just as all of you are today” (22:3). Before his conversion, Christians were heretics in Saul’s eyes following a carpenter turned rabbi. Saul genuinely believed that he was doing God’s will when he tried to wipe Christians out to preserve the purity of Judaism! But when Jesus appeared to him on the road to Damascus, the encounter struck him blind for three days, an awakening blow on his zeal and his understanding of Mosaic Law and Judaism. Saul was able to see a bigger and more catholic picture of God’s will. He understood that the Lord had chosen him to be His instrument “to carry my name before Gentiles, kings, and Israelites” (9:15b).

Isaiah’s vision in the Temple was a watershed in his ministry. Isaiah might not be a court prophet like Nathan who could see the king at any time in the palace. But at least he had been a “seer”, a “man of God” and was able to command respect from kings and commoners alike. Yet, in his Temple vision, Isaiah became aware of his unworthiness as a prophet, “I am a man of unclean lips living among a people of unclean lips” (Isaiah 6:5). Actually, even if Isaiah had spoken of the glory of the Israelites in the future, the prophecies could not be his inventions. But suddenly God revealed to him a universal salvation plan. From then on, Isaiah spoke not so much about Jerusalem and Judah but more inclusively, namely the Emmanuel (7:14), the shoot from the stump of Jesse (11:1) and even a Persian Messiah (45:1)!

In the gospel reading today, we find an even more unworthy candidate. Neither was he a legal expert like Saul, nor a prophet like Isaiah. He and his companions were fishermen, who were working in the Lake of Gennesaret (Luke 5:1), variously known as Sea of Galilee and Sea of Tiberias, a nobody from nowhere. His routine had been casting nets to catch fish in the night, using a torch to attract the fish to swarm in (5:5a). Catches might be irregular though the lake must have been fertile enough to support several fishing towns along the shore, including Capernaum (4:31). The synoptic gospels mention that Simon had a mother-in-law (4:38). Fishing in the Lake of Gennesaret enabled him to sustain a family with sufficient income to lead a decent enough life. Readers might wonder why, when Jesus had finished preaching from Simon’s boat and told Simon to put out into deep water and lower his nets for a catch, Simon obeyed his command so readily (5:4-5). It was not surprising because previously Jesus had cured his mother-in-law of fever (4:38-39) and perhaps Simon had witnessed the exorcism Jesus performed in the synagogue (4:33-37). However, this catch in the Lake of Gennesaret was so overwhelming that Simon had to fall at the knees of Jesus and say, “Depart from me, Lord, for I am a sinful man” (5:8b). Never in his fishing career had Simon caught so many fish that their nets were tearing, and two boats were in danger of sinking (5:6-7)! Isaiah, Simon Peter and Paul shared this sense of unworthiness before God. Moreover, each of them took up a different path thereafter. Among the three, Simon Peter was the most unworthy and yet, Jesus intends to build His Church upon this unworthy rock against which the gates of the netherworld shall not prevail (Matthew 16:18).

Beloved brethren! Put our hope in the unfailing Lord. Despite our continual failures and unworthiness, He shall faithfully accompany and support us. St. Paul says well in the second reading today, “But by the grace of God I am what I am, and His grace to me has not been ineffective” (1 Corinthians 15:10a). Let us let go of our vanity and achievements, surrender to His will and bring hope to people “who sit in darkness and death’s shadow” (Luke 1:79a). Amen.
God bless!


2022 Reflection
Picture Credit: creator.nightcafe.studio

Tuesday, 31 December 2024

若望憑甚麼作見證 With What Did John Bear Witness

【見證系列(二)】
若望憑甚麼作見證(若1:1-18)

從三部「對觀福音」可見,雅各伯和若望原本是一對不好惹的「熱血青年」,耶穌給他們起了一個「雷霆之子」的綽號(谷3:17)。有一次他們路過一個撒瑪黎雅村莊,村民拒絕接待他們。這對「雷霆之子」便對耶穌說:「主,你願意我們叫火自天降下,焚毀他們嗎?」(路9:54)結果被耶穌轉身斥責了。經歷過基督的顯聖容、逾越、升天、聖神降臨、福傳、教難等等的操練和反省之後,若望已長大成熟,對主耶穌的愛刻骨銘心,成為在最後晚餐斜倚在耶穌懷裡的(若13:23)和後來站在十字架下(19:26)「主所愛的門徒」。

在他所寫的福音中,「父」字共用過140次,其中123次是指天主聖三中的「聖父」。當猶太人自恃為亞巴郎的後裔時,耶穌教訓他們說:「我如果光榮我自己,我的光榮算不了甚麼;那光榮我的, 是我的父,就是你們所稱的『我們的天主』」(若8:54)。這一句話不但明顯地啟示了耶穌基督是天主聖子的身份,而且還回應了在福音的第一章,天主聖子在創造過程中的角色。

若望刻意地運用【創世紀】第一章的詩歌體裁,開始他所寫的福音。他甚至以【創世紀】開頭的三個字,作為【若望福音】開頭的三個字。天主是全能的,是言出必行的(則17:24)。按【創世紀】的敘述,天主說了便造成了。若望的貢獻,在於指示出這「聖言」就是「天主子」。倘若天主子祇是「聖言」,天主未免太抽象了。若望在他寫給教會的書信中,開宗明義說:「論到那從起初就有的生命的聖言,就是我們聽見過,我們親眼看見過,以及我們親手摸過的生命的聖言」(若一1:1)。若望與讀者分享他實實在在的經驗和反省,「為使你們也同我們相通;原我們是同父和祂的子耶穌基督相通的」(1:3),藉著他的作證,讀者也能分享天主的永恆生命。這生命源於天主的本質,是若望指出天主的本質就是愛(4:8)。

親愛的讀者,過了晚上就是新的一年。祝願大家來年多愛耶穌一些,好能更實在地與人分享天父的永恆生命。亞孟。
天主保祐!


生命恩泉
Picture Credit: creator.nightcafe.studio

[Mission Series II]
With What Did John Bear Witness (John 1:1-18)

From the Synoptic gospels, we know that James and John were a pair of hot-blooded brothers. Jesus gave them a nickname, Boanerges, sons of thunder (Mark 3:17). Once they entered a Samaritan village but the villagers would not welcome them. The Boanerges asked, “Lord, do you want us to call down fire from heaven to consume them?” (Luke 9:54). Jesus turned and rebuked them. After going through Christ’s Transfiguration, Passover, Ascension, the Decent of the Holy Spirit, evangelization and persecutions etc., John had grown up and had become mature through meditations. His love for Lord Jesus had been deeply craved in his soul. He became the beloved disciple who reclined at Jesus’ side during the Last Supper (John 13:23) and stood next to the cross during His crucifixion (19:26).

In the gospel of his name, he used the word “father” 140 times, among which 123 times refer to the “Father” in the Blessed Trinity. When the Jews boosted of being Abraham’s descendants, Jesus answered, “If I glorify myself, my glory is worth nothing; but it is my Father who glorifies me, of whom you say, ‘He is our God’” (8:54). Not only does this verse manifest Jesus Christ’s identity as the Son of God, but it also echoes His role in Creation mentioned in chapter one.

John deliberately deployed the hymnal genre of Genesis 1 to begin his gospel. He even made use of the first three words of Genesis to start his writing. God is almighty. He speaks and will do (Ezekiel 17:24). In the narrative of Genesis, God spoke and things were created. John’s contribution was his personification of God’s Word into the Son of God. However, if the Son of God were only God’s Word, God would be too abstract. When John wrote to the Church, he made it clear from the start, “What was from the beginning, what we have heard, what we have ween with our eyes, what we looked up and touched with our hands concerns the Word of life” (1 John 1:1). John shares with his readers his concrete experiences and meditations, “What we have seen and heard we proclaim to you, so that you too may have fellowship with us; for our fellowship is with the Father and with His Son, Jesus Christ” (1:3). With his witness, readers are able to partake in God’s eternal life. This life flows from the essence of God. It is John who points out that God’s essence is love (4:8).

Beloved brethren! After this evening, it will be a new year. May all of us love Jesus more so that we may bear witness more concretely to the eternal life of the Father. Amen.
God bless!

Sunday, 15 December 2024

Whose Joy? 誰的喜樂?

Gaudete Sunday, Year C
Theme: Whose Joy? 誰的喜樂?

We have lived many Gaudete Sundays before, but today I asked “Whose Joy?” for the first time. “Of course our joy”, many would say. Correct, but not totally! You are right when you do not say “my joy” because this answer is too egocentric. The joy of a single person does not last. For example, the joy of a champion in annual sport events does not last longer than a year. The joy of the champion and that of a first-born will not be confined to the parents but all family members will share it. Of course, the joy would last until the birth of the second and the third child/medal etc. following the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility! In short, when we “pool” our joy together, the joy will be greater and will last longer. One more example, we see from the news, how Syrian citizens took to the streets to celebrate the collapse of the Assad government and their joy is great and wide. Moreover, I am sure the Syrians are not the only people who rejoice. There must be other people elsewhere in the world who also rejoice but we know not. Knowing who they are may give us a greater understanding of global politics. Therefore, the “whose joy?” is a relevant question. Furthermore, if this joy is shared by all humanity and for all ages, it must be the greatest joy in the world.

The first reading of today sheds some light on the question. It talks about the restoration of Jerusalem/Israel. Naturally, the Jews would be joyful. However, there comes a verse, “The LORD, your God is in your midst, a mighty saviour, who will rejoice over you with gladness, and renew you in his love, who will sing joyfully because of you” (Zephaniah 3:17). Not only Jews but God also rejoices in the restoration of Jerusalem/Israel too! How can we not recognize this! God has chosen a most stiff-necked people (Deuteronomy 9:6) to be His inheritance (Psalms 33:12; Isaiah 63:17; Jeremiah 10:16; Ezekiel 22:16; Zechariah 2:16; Malachi 3:17). Therefore, God rejoices when He sees Israel prosper! Of course, Israel is only a symbol, a representative of all humanity. What does God rejoice in humanity? Elsewhere God told us what He does not find joy in, “For I find no pleasure in the death of anyone who dies --- oracle of the LORD. Turn back and live!” (Ezekiel 18:32) But God also hints and tells us that He rejoices in our being alive because “He is not God of the dead, but of the living, for to Him all are alive” (Luke 20:38). When we repent and turn back to Him, we become alive. Jesus makes this clear in His parables of the Lost Sheep/Coin/Son saying, “There will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous people who have no need of repentance” (15:7; 10); and “But now we must celebrate and rejoice, because your brother was dead and has come to life again; he was lost and has been found” (15:32). Therefore, in this Gaudete Sunday, we should be joyful. How can we be joyful? We should repent and turn back to God, each of us in our personal ways.

In the gospel reading today, we read of the teachings of John the Baptist who proclaimed “a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins” (3:3b). His teachings on repentance are very pragmatic and agree with the Catholic Social Teachings nowadays. So when the crowds asked him what they should do, the Baptist replied, “Whoever has two tunics should share with the person who has none. And whoever has food should do likewise” (3:11). This is exactly the “option for the poor” teaching which the Catholic Church advocates. Many parishes in Hong Kong are visiting the homeless and parishioners are generous in donating supplies to help the needy. Indeed, parishes are becoming logistic centres of charity to help the socially marginalized in Hong Kong. When tax collectors came and asked what they should do, the Baptist replied, “Stop collecting more than what is prescribed” (3:13). Tax collectors were doing their jobs in the full view of the people. They were not cheating but working through an unfair social structure/institution. So, it is a matter of social justice that John the Baptist was preaching. As public figures, be they civil servants or corporation executives, they should not abuse their public power to fatten their own pockets. These two groups of people had the intention to get baptized but Luke is silent on the intention of the last group. Nevertheless, this last group, who were “soldiers”, also asked what they should do. It was extremely unlikely for them to be Roman soldiers who were the oppressors. They would not welcome the coming Messiah. The “soldiers” were more likely to be soldiers of Herod Antipas the tetrarch or Temple guards who would take part in the arrest of Jesus in the future (22:52). The Baptist replied, “Do not practise extortion, do not falsely accuse anyone, and be satisfied with your wages” (3:14b). It was and still is easy for soldiers/police to abuse the weapons they have in hand. There were/are not many differences between bandits and soldiers in ancient times and nowadays. Sometimes they even worked/work together. The Baptist was telling them not to abuse the physical power they possess to satisfy their own desires. In fact, each one of us has the tendency to impose our own will on others. With the backing of more powerful technology, we are more able to force others to satisfy our desires or punish them if they don’t! Frustrated, we would bully people into doing our will! Suicides because of internet bullying are not unheard of in the present age of Information Technology. With the advent of AI, the situation might be even worse without proper regulation on the use of AI. The Baptist denounced it. All of us have a certain amount of authority in our tuft. John the Baptist warns us against power abuses.

Beloved brethren. All these structural abuses stem from greed, which in turn stems from egocentrism. We have learnt that such joy does not last. In particular, when we build our joy upon the sufferings and pains of the others, it is morally wrong. As Christians, we cannot do that. Our joy must come from elsewhere. That is why we opt for the poor and fight for their rights. In so doing, we show God’s care for the socially marginalized and we partake in God’s joy because He finds pleasure in our turning back to Him and do His will. Earlier I mentioned the Church has become a logistic centre of charity. However, it is a pity to see some parishioners dump the things they find no use to the Church and hope that the Church will channel their rubbish to the homeless and the socially marginalized. How regrettable that they trample on the dignity of the homeless and socially marginalized in doing so! I wonder if they are able to find joy in their donations. Beloved brethren. I hope you are able to find joy on Gaudete Sunday. God bless!


2021 Reflection>
Picture Credit: globalnation.inquirer.net, wikipedia.org

Sunday, 20 October 2024

To Speak New Languages 說新語言

Mission Sunday, Year B
Theme: To Speak New Languages 說新語言

The gospel passage today is taken from the second ending of the gospel according to Mark. The first one ends with the pious women “fled from the tomb, seized with trembling and bewilderment. They said nothing to anyone for they were afraid” (Mark 16:8). How can a gospel, which is supposed to be a good news, end in such a negative manner? Therefore, we have a more positive and longer ending that hints at Jesus’ apparitions mentioned in the other gospels, namely the apparition to Mary Magdalene and the two disciples returning to Emmaus and of course it includes Jesus’ ascension.

The passage today reports how Jesus appeared to the Eleven at dinnertime (16:14) and commissioned them to proclaim the good news. It must have been the first Easter evening when Matthias was not yet chosen from a bigger circle to replace Judas (Acts 1:26). The narrative of this apparition in Mark is significant in highlighting the importance of the “college” of Apostles in the Church. Matthew and Mark clearly state that Jesus appeared to the Eleven while narratives in the other two gospels suggest the presence of other disciples (Luke 24:33-36; John 20:19-29). When Paul wrote to the Ephesians, he says, “You are fellow citizens with the holy ones and members of the household of God, built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus Himself as the capstone” (Ephesians 2:19b-20). Paul pointed out an important truth, namely that apostles are the foundation of the House of God, i.e. the Church. Believers in general are the members of this House of God. What these people believe are handed down from the Apostles who for about three years had lived with and to learn from Jesus Christ who would send them forth to preach the good news (Mark 3:14). The Eleven/Twelve would bear witness and to hand down their first-hand experience to believers. That is also what nowadays the congregation profess weekly on Sundays when they recite “I believe in the one, holy, catholic and apostolic Church”! Not only is Pope Francis the 265th successor to St. Peter, but all Catholic bishops are also consecrated by bishops whose consecration line goes all they way back to the Apostles!

Another point of interest in the narration of the Great Commission of Jesus is the extensive target of evangelization. Unlike the other Synoptic Evangelists, Mark wrote, “He [Jesus] said to them, ‘Go into the whole world and proclaim the gospel to every creature” (16:15). Not only should we proclaim the good news to all nations/peoples all over the whole world, but we should also proclaim the gospel to every creature, to cats, crocodiles, serpents, wolves, trees, mountains, waterfalls and rivers as well as the whole Creation. We don’t have the King Solomon’s Ring. How do we proclaim the resurrection of Jesus to birds and COVID virus? If we are not able to proclaim the good news to them, how can they believe? Mark continues, “Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved; whoever does not believe will be condemned” (16:16). Then all animals would be condemned! In fact, how do we know and decide/judge that an animal believes or not? They do not possess souls like human. Do they need salvation? But Paul shares the same sentiment with Mark when he wrote, “For creation awaits with eager expectation the revelation of the children of God; for creation was made subject to futility … in hope that creation itself would be set free from slavery to corruption and share in the glorious freedom of the children of God” (Romans 8:19-21). From a mega perspective, the Creation is currently suffering from different types of pollutions that are caused by human greed and irresponsibility. Therefore, it is fair to describe the situation as a “slavery to corruption”. When Pope Francis issues papal documents, unlike his predecessors, he seldom issues an encyclical which has the highest binding authority in the Catholic Church. He usually issues apostolic exhortations and motu proprios which are less binding in the Church. Of his eleven years of pontificate so far, Pope Francis has only issued two encyclicals: Laudato si in 2015 which deals with the care for our planet; and Fratelli tutti in 2020 on brotherhood and social friendship in the post-COVID era. All humanity are related and we owe our Mother Nature an apology! Mark’s narration provides a broader vision for us.

Some people feel offended to read that “whoever does not believe will be condemned” (Mark 16:16b). Such a language contradicts what today’s second reading expresses. Paul writes to Timothy and says, “[God our saviour] wills everyone to be saved and to come to knowledge of the truth” (1 Timothy 2:4). God is merciful no matter how sinister human beings can be. In the Old Testament, God had already spoken through the prophets His merciful intention, “For I find no pleasure in the death of anyone who dies --- oracle of the LORD God. Turn back and live” (Ezekiel 18:32).
Alas! People are selective in their hearing and enjoy quoting texts out of context. Perhaps John’s famous proof-text is clearer in this topic but again it is usually NOT quoted in full. John writes, “For God so loved the world that He gave His only Son, so that everyone who believes in Him might not perish but might have eternal life. For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world might be saved through Him” (John 3:16-17). Therefore, when Jesus says in Mark that whoever does not believe will be condemned, the person is not condemned by God. If not by God, then by whom? The person himself! The person has abused the freedom which God gives and chooses NOT to believe and follow/obey, thus cutting himself off from the True Vine (10:5), from the Tree of Life (Genesis 2:9), from the life of God. During the Last Supper, John proclaims that He is the Way, and the Truth and the Life (John 14:6). But modern people prefer fashionable trends to Jesus Christ, the Truth and His gospel. God cannot contradict Himself. He is free and therefore He respects the freedom of His images and will not impose salvation on those who choose NOT to believe. In short, God would not stop sinners from committing sins. In his writing against disordered homosexuality, Paul writes vividly, “God handed them over to impurity through the lusts of their hearts for the mutual degradation of their bodies” (Romans 1:24). Sinners need to take part in their own salvation and cannot just fold their hands to wait passively for God’s deliverance. Jesus’ advice is clear and simple, “This is the time of fulfilment. The Kingdom of God is at hand. Repent, and believe in the gospel” (Mark 1:15). God has done all the preparations. It is up to us to take the first step: to repent and to believe in Jesus Christ.

The gospel text today contains many threads of thoughts, one of which rings particularly loudly in my ears. “These signs will accompany those who believe: …, they will speak new languages” (16:17). The ability/fluency to speak new languages is essential for missionaries to proclaim the good news to peoples of a different tongue. Ordinary Catholics believe but we are not missionaries preaching overseas. What new languages are we able to speak here locally? In fact, all believers are the People of God, and therefore all are missionaries whether they travel overseas or not because evangelization is not the privilege of the clergy nor of the consecrated religious. The new languages we speak are the language of love and care.
First of all, we do not gossip and spread rumours to hurt or to harm others. This is the base line and minimum requirement of being a Catholic: to speak truth. Secondly, we show care and concern for the good of the people in need. Indeed, each person is different. What consoles one may not be helpful to another. Here, attentive listening is essential. We need to cater our language and our tone appropriately for the needs of our neighbour. Indeed, we are speaking a new language of love to each of the different people we meet!

Beloved brethren! Pray that the merciful God infuses us with the fire of the Holy Spirit to heal the wounds of the Creation. Amen.
God bless!


2021 Reflection
Picture Credit: creator.nightcafe.studio

Sunday, 8 September 2024

Become Jesus’ Finger 成為耶穌的手指

Twenty-Third Ordinary Sunday, Year B
Theme: Become Jesus’ Finger 成為耶穌的手指

God’s creation is a marvellous mystery. He created us in His image so that we are able to communicate with Him and to discern the purpose of His actions. Nowadays we learn from neurologists that in the process of our death, hearing is the last to expire. In other words, even after our heart has stopped pumping blood to our cells and our lungs have stopped exchanging oxygen to refresh our tissues, hearing signals keep going to our brain. There must be a reason behind such an arrangement in our anatomy. We need to hear God’s voice and discern His will throughout our life and beyond! Thus, when a scribe challenged Jesus with the question of which the first of all the commandments was (Mark 12:28), Jesus simply quoted the Shema which all Jews recited twice daily, “Hear, O Israel! The Lord our God is LORD alone! You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul …” (12:29-30, Deuteronomy 6:4-5). The essence of Judaism and Christianity is crystal clear: to hear God’s voice and to love Him. But is it still relevant today?

Surveying the history of God’s Chosen People in the Bible, modern people would be very much consoled and encouraged. If such a stiff-necked small nation could be God’s Chosen People, who else could not be included? Even God lamented the performance of this stiff-necked people, “I have seen this people, and indeed it is a stiff-necked people!” (Exodus 32:9, Deuteronomy 9:13) “Therefore circumcise the foreskin of your heart, and be stiff-necked no longer” (10:16). “Now do not be stiff-necked, as your fathers were, but yield yourselves to the LORD; and enter His sanctuary, which He has sanctified forever, and serve the LORD your God, that the fierceness of His wrath may turn away from you” (2 Chronicles 30:8). “But my people would not heed my voice, and Israel would have none of me. So I gave them over to their own stubborn heart. To walk in their own counsels” (Psalms 81:11-12) etc. Reading the Bible in this light, we cannot help but marvel at the patience of God. Alas! We pass judgment too quickly to evade our own responsibilities.

There are many reasons why people, including us, do not heed God’s voice. A naïve reason is herd mentality. Most of us are living in a secular society in which it is not fashionable to believe in the existence of a creator God: it is unscientific; it is superstitious and it is not progressive etc. People would tease you with questions like, “If God created the world, who created God?” For people with a more socio-political temperament: religions oppose science; religions cause wars; and religions are people’s opium and clergy are corrupt etc. People would challenge you like, “If your God were almighty and benevolent, why would He allow good people to suffer and save them not?” All these are only superficial. There are deeper issues which people in power do not want commoners to believe in God because religious sentiment of the commoners could disrupt their grip on power. God is the only weapon powerful enough to challenge their position. Within such a macro-cosmos, how do Christians proclaim the gospel? Fortunately for us, Archangel Gabriel says, “For with God nothing will be impossible” (Luke 1:37) and later Jesus reassures us, “Do not be afraid any longer, little flock, for your Father is pleased to give you the kingdom” (12:32). Thus, besides death, there is one more certainty: God’s kingdom comes (Matthew 6:10a)! We take the Bible as a record of God’s words and He says, “I am the LORD. I have spoken; I will do it” (Ezekiel 37:14b). This is exactly what people in power do not want because they know that God is genuinely greater.

From the first reading today, we may take a glimpse of God’s modus operandi, viz. He chooses to stand by the oppressed and the socially marginalized. “Strengthen hands that are feeble, make firm knees that are weak” (Isaiah 35:3). God would restore their strength so that they would be able to make their voices heard. God continues, “Say to the fearful of heart: Be strong, do not fear! Here is your God, He comes with vindication. With divine recompense, He comes to save you” (5:4). Who could inspire fear and with what? Tigers with their teeth and claws? No! Tyrants inspire more fear with tortures. But our God is greater and stronger than tyrants because they come and go while God lives forever! After all, tyrants are few in numbers but there is a greater group of people who turn from victims to perpetrators whose lynching could be more fearsome than tyrants’ tortures. Fear is an inborn emotion of huge magnitude and is irrational. To dispel fear, people may resort to the psychological defence mechanism of identification. For example, when people with nyctophobia need to walk through a dark alley to return home at night, they might keep chanting the mantra, “I am a ghost”! This defence mechanism of identification also helps explain why some inmates turn informers/torturers against their comrades in total institutions! Fear may also breed prejudice. This explains why lepers are segregated. Alas! Traitors and bigots are more damaging than tyrants are!

Now, God comes to save the needy and the poor. How does God save? Specifically, “Then the eyes of the blind shall see, and the ears of the deaf be opened; then the lame shall leap like a stag, and the mute tongue sing for joy” (35:5-6a). When people are able to see and to hear the truth, they will be set free, “And you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free” (John 8:32). When people are free from physical, psychological, economical and socio-political restrains etc., they will be able to leap like a stag and sing for joy! How desirable the Kingdom of Heaven is when all commoners are free from fear and all stewards are free from resorting to inspiring fear to consolidate their power grip. Let all of us pray for the coming of the Father’s kingdom!

In the gospel reading today, we see how the Father honours His pledges and does what He says, viz. the Son of God healed a deaf-mute in the region of Decapolis (Mark 7:31-32). There are several points of interest in meditating this healing miracle. Firstly, Decapolis is a Gentile region. Therefore, God’s promised salvation is not limited to the Chosen People only, or rather, God’s salvation should be catholic and all-inclusive! This healing narrative also raises another question. Usually, Jesus speaks and the healing is done, e.g. the leper, the man with a withered hand and even the exorcism of the daughter of the Syrophoenician woman. Why did Jesus use his finger and spittle to heal this deaf-mute? Was it because the faith of the deaf-mute was not strong enough? Wait! We are in no position to pass judgment on the faith of the others. Only God knows. Thus, we should look for other reasons. Many scholars follow a relational line of reasoning. They explain that God is eager to reconcile with sinners, to restore and renew our relationship with Him. In the case of this deaf-mute, probably he had lost all hope of recovery and had given up praying to his pagan gods. Therefore, the Son of God took the initiative to break into the life of the deaf-mute to raise him up with those outward signs. To a certain extent, the healing of this deaf-mute was a sacramental process. With those visible outward signs, the Son of God conferred invisible healing grace on the deaf-mute. Now, the restored man knew which God is authentic!

Beloved brethren! Of course, the Son of God could heal the deaf-mute without using those outward signs. Yet, for the good of future generations, the merciful LORD deploys those elaborate and visible steps so that we may follow His example to take the initiative to approach the needy, to befriend them and to restore their relationship with our Father. In short, Jesus has opened up opportunities for us, members of His Mystical Body, to become His fingers to touch the poor and thus convey God’s life to them. Are you willing to become Jesus’ finger?
God bless!


2021 Reflection
Picture Credit: ncregister.com, creator.nightcafe.studio